Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis

Nicola, Marco Di; Cattaneo, Annamaria; Hepgul, Nilay; Forti, Marta Di; Aitchison, Katherine J.; Janiri, Luigi; Murray, Robin M.; Dazzan, Paola; Pariante, Carmine M.; Mondelli, Valeria

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.010

Cited by 186 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The presence of increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in individuals with first-episode psychosis is consistently reported across several different studies [18,19,20,21,22]. Indeed, abnormal levels of other inflammatory markers have also been reported in first-episode psychosis, including increased levels of IL-12, IL-1α and TGF-β, and decreased levels of IL-5 [18,23,24,25]. However, these latter findings come from single studies which have not been replicated yet.…”

Section: Markers Of Inflammation In First-episode Psychosismentioning

confidence: 90%

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

Zajkowska

Mondelli²

2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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In the last decade an increasing body of research has focussed on the potential role of inflammation in the onset of psychiatric disorders. Although the association between inflammation and depression appears now widely acknowledged, mixed findings have been reported in psychosis leaving the pathophysiological role of inflammation in psychosis still unclear. This paper aims to review studies focussing on inflammation in first-episode psychosis, in order to avoid the possible confounding effects of the long duration of illness and chronic treatment with psychotropic medications. Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β are the most consistent findings from the studies conducted in first-episode psychosis patients. Mixed findings on other cytokines could be partly due to the different methodologies of the studies reviewed. The findings on the association between inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms and physical health, as well as on the effect of antipsychotic medications on inflammation at the onset of psychosis are also reviewed and discussed. The increased inflammation at onset of psychosis as well as in other psychiatric conditions, such as depression, suggests the presence of biological abnormalities which play a pathophysiological role across different diagnostic categories. Future research should test if increased inflammation could be used for the development of biomarkers, as well as as a potential therapeutic target for different subsamples of patients independently of their diagnostic category.

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Section: Markers Of Inflammation In First-episode Psychosismentioning

confidence: 90%

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

Zajkowska

Mondelli²

2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…We only have data representing current white blood cells parameters and have no information regarding presence of past hematological abnormalities. White blood cells parameters may also result from other factors, which could not be included in the analysis, such as detailed inflammatory status of individuals (e.g., levels of other inflammatory biomarkers, subtypes of lymphocytes), exposure to ionizing radiation [26], nutritional status [27,28], lifestyle [29], duration of disease [13,[30][31][32], etc. which also may have a significant impact on white blood cells parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of white blood cells parameters in patients with acute schizophrenia, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder

Wysokiński¹,

Margulska²

2017

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryObjective: We compared white blood cells parameters (total white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes count (LYMPH#) and percentage (LYMPH%), monocytes count (MONO) and percentage (MONO%), basophils count (BASO#) and percentage (BASO%), eosinophils count (EO#) and percentage (EO%), neutrophils count (NEUT#) and percentage (NEUT%)) in patients with schizophrenia (SHZ), unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BIP): bipolar depression (BD) and mania (BM).Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, naturalistic study of 2381 patients (SHZ n=1244; UD n=794; BIP n=343, BD n=259, BM n=84). WBC as well as differential leukocytes count were measured using automated hematology analyzer.Results: There were significant differences between study groups (WBC, p=0.02; LYMPH# p=0.03; LYMPH% p=0.008; EO% p <0.001). Age and sex affected various white blood cells parameters.Conclusions: There are differences in white blood cells between study groups. Highest WBC was in the schizophrenia and bipolar mania groups, while patients with BM had lowest LYMPH%. Highest frequency of below or above normal WBC was found in patients with BM.

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“…Previous studies carried out in FEP either have excluded the overweight individuals [7,20,23] from the analysis or have not considered the BMI in the analysis [6,18] because the result was similar between patients and controls. Regarding the two articles that did not consider the effect of the BMI, Di Nicola et al [6] and Noto et al [18] observed that IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 were higher in patients than in healthy volunteers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the two articles that did not consider the effect of the BMI, Di Nicola et al [6] and Noto et al [18] observed that IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 were higher in patients than in healthy volunteers. On the other hand, regarding the three studies which excluded overweight individuals from the analysis, Ding et al [7] found that IL-6 and IL-17 were increased in patients when compared to controls, Song et al [23] found that IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were elevated in patients compared to healthy volunteers, and [20] observed that IL-6 and IL-2 were higher in patients than in controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, cannabis, which is known to play a role in the homeostasis of the immune system [24], has not been considered as a possible confounding variable in the match of any of the three studies. Third, it is important to remark that individuals with identical BMI may have different body compositions regarding fat and muscle, so we cannot exclude the contribution of adipose tissue or of other lymphoid or non-lymphoid cells to the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [6,26]. Excess weight may produce a pro-inflammatory effect when BMI is equal or over 25 [16,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

Ruíz

Riesco-Dávila

Foz

et al. 2018

J Neuroinflammation

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Background: Low-grade inflammation has been repeatedly associated with both excess weight and psychosis. However, no previous studies have addressed the direct effect of body mass index (BMI) on basal serum cytokines in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of BMI on basal serum cytokine levels in FEP patients and control subjects, separating the total sample into two groups: normal-weight and overweight individuals. Methods: This is a prospective and open-label study. We selected 75 FEP patients and 75 healthy controls with similar characteristics to patients according to the following variables: sex, age, and cannabis and tobacco consumption. Both controls and patients were separated into two groups according to their BMI: subjects with a BMI under 25 were considered as normal weight and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 were considered as overweight. Serum levels of 21 cytokines/chemokines were measured at baseline using the Human High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel protocol from the Milliplex® Map Kit. We compared the basal serum levels of the 21 cytokines between control and patient groups according to their BMI. Results: In the normal-weight group, IL-8 was the only cytokine that was higher in patients than in the control group (p = 0.001), whereas in the overweight group, serum levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, p = 0.000; IL-1β, p = 0.003), two chemokines (IL-8, p = 0.001; MIP-1β, p = 0.001), four Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines (IL-13, p = 0.009; IL-2, p = 0.001; IL-7, p = 0.001; IL-12p70, p = 0.010), and one Type-3 cytokine (IL-23, p = 0.010) were higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Most differences in the basal serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy volunteers were found in the overweight group. These findings suggest that excess weight can alter the homeostasis of the immune system and therefore may have an additive pro-inflammatory effect on the one produced by psychosis in the central nervous system.

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Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis

Abstract: Highlight► First-episode psychosis is characterised by a pro-inflammatory state supported partly by activation of leukocytes. Stress contributes to this pro-inflammatory state.

Cited by 186 publications

References 41 publications

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

Comparison of white blood cells parameters in patients with acute schizophrenia, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder

The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

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