Serum bile acid along with plasma incretins and serum high–molecular weight adiponectin levels are increased after bariatric surgery

Nakatani, Hiroshi; Kasama, Kazunori; Oshiro, Takashi; Watanabe, Mitsuhiro; Hara, Hiroshi; Itoh, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.006

Cited by 182 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In humans, BA levels are also tightly correlated to increased insulin sensitivity. Patients after bariatric surgery to correct for obesity have higher circulating levels of BAs, which are positively correlated with metabolic improvements (40,41). This latter observation was recently confirmed in obese patients, who have a decreased postprandial BA response in comparison with normal weight subjects (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure

Watanabe

Horai

Houten

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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227

174

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We evaluated the metabolic impact of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation by administering a synthetic FXR agonist (GW4064) to mice in which obesity was induced by a high fat diet. Administration of GW4064 accentuated body weight gain and glucose intolerance induced by the high fat diet and led to a pronounced worsening of the changes in liver and adipose tissue. Mechanistically, treatment with GW4064 decreased bile acid (BA) biosynthesis, BA pool size, and energy expenditure, whereas reconstitution of the BA pool in these GW4064-treated animals by BA administration dose-dependently reverted the metabolic abnormalities. Our data therefore suggest that activation of FXR with synthetic agonists is not useful for long term management of the metabolic syndrome, as it reduces the BA pool size and subsequently decreases energy expenditure, translating as weight gain and insulin resistance. In contrast, expansion of the BA pool size, which can be achieved by BA administration, could be an interesting strategy to manage the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure

Watanabe

Horai

Houten

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

227

174

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show abstract

“…relative to pre-surgical base-line levels (82). Finally, it was reported in a human intervention study with crossover design that subjects on a high fat, high protein diet had increased fasting plasma bile acid concentrations as compared to when the subjects were on a high fat diet alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Regulation of Bile Acid Metabolism Is Associated with Improved Pathological Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome

Liaset¹,

Qin

Jørgensen

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Bile acids (BAs) are powerful regulators of metabolism, and mice treated orally with cholic acid are protected from dietinduced obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and glucose levels. Here, we show that plasma BA concentration in rats was elevated by exchanging the dietary protein source from casein to salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH). Importantly, the SPH-treated rats were resistant to diet-induced obesity. SPH-treated rats had reduced fed state plasma glucose and TAG levels and lower TAG in liver. The elevated plasma BA concentration was associated with induction of genes involved in energy metabolism and uncoupling, Dio2, Pgc-1␣, and Ucp1, in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, the same transcriptional pattern was found in white adipose tissue depots of both abdominal and subcutaneous origin. Accordingly, rats fed SPH-based diet exhibited increased whole body energy expenditure and heat dissipation. In skeletal muscle, expressions of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor ␤/␦ target genes (Cpt-1b, Angptl4, Adrp, and Ucp3) were induced. Pharmacological removal of BAs by inclusion of 0.5 weight % cholestyramine to the high fat SPH diet attenuated the reduction in abdominal obesity, the reduction in liver TAG, and the decrease in nonfasted plasma TAG and glucose levels. Induction of Ucp3 gene expression in muscle by SPH treatment was completely abolished by cholestyramine inclusion. Taken together, our data provide evidence that bile acid metabolism can be modulated by diet and that such modulation may prevent/ameliorate the characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome.

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“…[81][82][83] Bariatric surgery, which increases GLP-1 levels likely as a result of rapid dumping of chyme into the small intestine, is an option for morbidly obese patients with type 2 DM. 84 The "cure" of type 2 DM after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure usually happens early, often before significant weight loss has occurred. 85 This suggests that a role in the resolution of type 2 DM is played by an alternative mechanism, such as increased GLP-1 levels that in turn improve b-cell function and insulin production.…”

Section: Incretin Mimetics and Dpp-4 Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Optimizing Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

O’Keefe

Abuannadi

Lavie

et al. 2011

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Serum bile acid along with plasma incretins and serum high–molecular weight adiponectin levels are increased after bariatric surgery

Cited by 182 publications

References 30 publications

Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure

Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure

Nutritional Regulation of Bile Acid Metabolism Is Associated with Improved Pathological Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome

Strategies for Optimizing Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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