Serum Electrolyte Studies in Normal and Pathological Conditions: Pneumonia, Renal Edema, Cardiac Edema, Uremic and Diabetic Acidosis

Atchley, Dana W.; Benedict, Ethel M.

doi:10.1172/jci100304

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition to glucosamine, total serum proteins and their various fractions were determined. There was a slight decrease in total protein on the third and fourth days of the disease, possibly because of the formation of the exudate, and, as has been previously reported (15,16), a subsequent rise in the globulin fraction and total protein was observed. The glucosamine level was elevated on the second day of the disease and reached its highest value three or four days after the crisis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

The Concentration of Glucosamine in Normal and Pathological Sera

West¹,

Clarke²,

Kennedy³

1938

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

The Concentration of Glucosamine in Normal and Pathological Sera

West¹,

Clarke²,

Kennedy³

1938

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Most of the analytical methods employed have been described elsewhere (5)(6)(7). Sodium was determined according to the method of Butler and Tuthill (8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose relatively complete balance studies have been made on dogs before and after adrenalectomy. EXPERIMENTAL Most of the analytical methods employed have been described elsewhere (5)(6)(7). Sodium was determined according to the method of Butler and Tuthill (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte Balance Studies in Adrenalectomized Dogs With Particular Reference to the Excretion of Sodium

Loeb

Atchley

Benedict

et al. 1933

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

160

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1. Balance studies have been made on three dogs before and after adrenalectomy, performed in two stages. 2. It has been shown that the sodium concentration of the blood decreases in adrenalectomized dogs, as is true in patients suffering from Addison's disease and in cats experimentally adrenalectomized. 3. There are also decreases in the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations which together are approximately equivalent to the decrease in sodium. 4. An increase in the potassium concentration of the blood occurs after adrenalectomy, as reported in other studies. There is no obvious correlation of this change with changes in potassium balances. 5. The balance studies show a striking loss of sodium from the body during the development of adrenal insufficiency. This loss of Na results from an increased excretion of sodium in the urine and is not complicated by loss of base as a result of vomiting or diarrhea. 6. Following adrenalectomy, both the total amount of sodium and its concentration in the urine are markedly increased. This increase in concentration of sodium occurs in spite of an augmented urine volume. 7. The behavior of the chloride ion following adrenalectomy parallels that of the sodium ion, but the loss is not equivalent. 8. During the period of accumulation of non-protein nitrogen in the blood, the rate of water excretion by the kidney is even greater than before removal of the adrenal glands. 9. The possibility of a regulatory effect of the adrenal glands upon sodium metabolism and renal function has been discussed.

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“…Blood tests have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease since the early 1900s. In 1930, Atchley et al 11 described ranges of standard electrolytes in a variety of healthy and chronically ill individuals. By the late 1940s, it had become common to measure patient electrolytes and actively manage them via volume repletion with different types of fluids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Result Reference Ranges Stratified for Patient-Reported Sex and Ethnicity Are More Closely Associated With Postoperative Outcomes Than Currently Used Reference Ranges: A Retrospective Data Analysis

Hofer

Lee

Grogan

et al. 2022

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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BACKGROUND: A single laboratory range for all individuals may fail to take into account underlying physiologic differences based on sex and genetic factors. We hypothesized that laboratory distributions differ based on self-reported sex and ethnicity and that ranges stratified by these factors better correlate with postoperative mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: Results from metabolic panels, complete blood counts, and coagulation panels for patients in outpatient encounters were identified from our electronic health record. Patients were grouped based on self-reported sex (2 groups) and ethnicity (6 groups). Stratified ranges were set to be the 2.5th/97.5th percentile for each sex/ethnic group. For patients undergoing procedures, each patient/laboratory result was classified as normal/abnormal using the stratified and nonstratified (traditional) ranges; overlap in the definitions was assessed between the 2 classifications by looking for the percentage of agreement in result classifications of normal/ abnormal using the 2 methods. To assess which definitions of normal are most associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, the odds ratio (OR) for each outcome/laboratory result pair was assessed, and the frequency that the confidence intervals of ORs for the stratified versus nonstratified range did not overlap was examined. RESULTS: Among the 300 unique combinations (race × sex × laboratory type), median proportion overlap (meaning patient was either "normal" or "abnormal" for both methodologies) was 0.86 [q1, 0.80; q3, 0.89]. All laboratory results except 6 overlapped at least 80% of the time. The frequency of overlap did not differ among the racial/ethnic groups. In cases where the ORs were different, the stratified range was better associated with both AKI and mortality (P < .001). There was no trend of bias toward any specific sex/ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline "normal" laboratory values differ across sex and ethnic groups, and ranges stratified by these groups are better associated with postoperative AKI and mortality as compared to the standard reference ranges. (Anesth Analg 2023;136:111-22) KEY POINTS• Question: Are baseline laboratory values influenced by patient-reported sex and ethnicity? • Findings: Baseline laboratory results are influenced by patient-reported sex and ethnicity, and results outside normal ranges stratified for patient-reported sex and ethnicity are more associated with postoperative mortality and acute kidney injury than those outside standard reference ranges. • Meaning: Evaluation of patient laboratory results may be more accurate if they are stratified for patient-reported sex and ethnicity.

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Serum Electrolyte Studies in Normal and Pathological Conditions: Pneumonia, Renal Edema, Cardiac Edema, Uremic and Diabetic Acidosis

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

The Concentration of Glucosamine in Normal and Pathological Sera

The Concentration of Glucosamine in Normal and Pathological Sera

Electrolyte Balance Studies in Adrenalectomized Dogs With Particular Reference to the Excretion of Sodium

Laboratory Result Reference Ranges Stratified for Patient-Reported Sex and Ethnicity Are More Closely Associated With Postoperative Outcomes Than Currently Used Reference Ranges: A Retrospective Data Analysis

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