Serum Estradiol Is Associated With Volumetric BMD and Modulates the Impact of Physical Activity on Bone Size at the Age of Peak Bone Mass: A Study in Healthy Male Siblings

Lapauw, Bruno; Taes, Youri; Bogaert, Veerle; Vanbillemont, Griet; Goemaere, Stefan; Zmierczak, Hans‐Georg; Bacquer, Dirk De; Kaufman, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1359/jbmr.081260

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Previously, we have reported differences between weight-bearing sites and non-weight-bearing sites. (16,18) Moreover, the cortex at the tibia is much thicker and is not a predisposition site for fracture during growth or adult life. Furthermore, whether the delay in bone maturation relative to growth as observed at the radius during early puberty (28,29) also occurs at the tibia has not been studied in detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16) Free estradiol was positively associated with cortical vBMD and cortical thickness and inversely associated with endosteal circumference at the radius. (16) …”

Section: Prevalent Fractures and Areal Bone Parametersmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The study design has been described previously. (12,16,18) After exclusion, 296 pairs of brothers were included in the study. Sixty-four men were included as single participants when their brother could not participate in the study, and 19 men were included as third brother in a family and 2 as fourth brother.…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial immunoassays were used to determine serum concentrations of testosterone and sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), and estradiol (Clinical Assay, DiaSorin s.r.l., Saluggia, Italy) according to a modified protocol that doubles the serum amount. (16,18) Serum free and bioavailable fractions of testosterone and estradiol were calculated from serum total testosterone, total estradiol, SHBG, and albumin concentrations using a previously validated equation derived from the mass-action law. (21,22) The intra-and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs, %) were below 10% and 15% for all measurements, respectively.…”

Section: Pqctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11,12) These studies suggested a deficient estrogen exposure as a contributing pathophysiologic mechanism. Several reports in men have illustrated the importance of sex steroids and specifically estradiol for the determination of bone mass and subsequent fracture risk, (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) whereas data on fracture risk in young men are scarce. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that less favorable bone geometry, possibly related to lower estrogen action during growth and maturation, might be associated with fracture risk in young men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalent fractures are related to cortical bone geometry in young healthy men at age of peak bone mass

Taes

Lapauw

Vanbillemont

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Low areal bone mass is a risk factor for fractures in men. Limited data are available on fractures and bone geometry in men, and the relation with sex steroids is incompletely understood. We investigated prevalent fractures in relation to peak bone mass, bone geometry, and sex steroids in healthy young men. Healthy male siblings (n ¼ 677) at the age of peak bone mass (25 to 45 years) were recruited in a cross-sectional population-based study. Trabecular and cortical bone parameters of the radius and cortical bone parameters of the tibia were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sex steroids were determined using immunoassays, and fracture prevalence was assessed using questionnaires. Fractures in young men were associated with a longer limb length, shorter trunk, lower trabecular BMD, smaller cortical bone area, and smaller cortical thickness ( p < .005) but not with bone-size-adjusted volumetic BMD (vBMD). With decreasing cortical thickness [odds ratio (OR) 1.4/SD, p .001] and decreasing cortical area (OR 1.5/SD, p .001), fracture odds ratios increased. No association between sex steroid concentrations and prevalent fractures was observed. Childhood fractures ( 15 years) were associated with a thinner bone cortex (À5%, p .005) and smaller periosteal size (À3%, p .005). Fractures occurring later than 15 years of age were associated with a thinner bone cortex (À3%, p .05) and larger endosteal circumference (þ3%, p .05) without differences in periosteal bone size. In conclusion, prevalent fractures in healthy young men are associated with unfavorable bone geometry and not with cortical vBMD when adjusting for bone size. Moreover, the data suggest different mechanisms of childhood fractures and fractures during adult life. ß 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KEY WORDS: pQCT; PEAK BONE MASS; OSTEOPOROSIS; MEN; BONE GEOMETRY; FRACTURE IntroductionB one mass at any stage in adult life is determined by the growth and mineralization of the skeleton during the first two decades of life leading to the peak bone mass (PBM) and by subsequent net changes in bone mass, usually bone loss, starting in the middle of the third decade. (1) Although fracture risk in old age is lower in men than in women, fracture risk is higher in boys and young men than in girls or young women. (2,3) In both young and older subjects, low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) has been associated with increased fracture prevalence, although most evidence has been obtained in women (4,5) or elderly men, (6) and only limited data are available in boys or young men. (7)(8)(9) An important limitation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is that it measures projected aBMD and not volumetric BMD (vBMD). In determining PBM and future facture risk, this has important clinical implications because bone strength depends not only on the amount of bone tissue but also on the diameter, shape, and volumetric bone...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16) Free estradiol was positively associated with cortical vBMD and cortical thickness and inversely associated with endosteal circumference at the radius. (16) …”

Section: Prevalent Fractures and Areal Bone Parametersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pqctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalent fractures are related to cortical bone geometry in young healthy men at age of peak bone mass

Taes

Lapauw

Vanbillemont

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Relationship between body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and limb bone cross‐sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton

Pomeroy

Macintosh

Wells

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesEstimating body mass from skeletal dimensions is widely practiced, but methods for estimating its components (lean and fat mass) are poorly developed. The ability to estimate these characteristics would offer new insights into the evolution of body composition and its variation relative to past and present health. This study investigates the potential of long bone cross‐sectional properties as predictors of body, lean, and fat mass.Materials and MethodsHumerus, femur and tibia midshaft cross‐sectional properties were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in sample of young adult women (n = 105) characterized by a range of activity levels. Body composition was estimated from bioimpedance analysis.ResultsLean mass correlated most strongly with both upper and lower limb bone properties (r values up to 0.74), while fat mass showed weak correlations (r ≤ 0.29). Estimation equations generated from tibial midshaft properties indicated that lean mass could be estimated relatively reliably, with some improvement using logged data and including bone length in the models (minimum standard error of estimate = 8.9%). Body mass prediction was less reliable and fat mass only poorly predicted (standard errors of estimate ≥11.9% and >33%, respectively).DiscussionLean mass can be predicted more reliably than body mass from limb bone cross‐sectional properties. The results highlight the potential for studying evolutionary trends in lean mass from skeletal remains, and have implications for understanding the relationship between bone morphology and body mass or composition.

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Estrogen, exercise, and the skeleton

Devlin¹

2011

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Patterns of variation in bone size and shape provide crucial data for reconstructing hominin paleobiology, including ecogeographic adaptation, life history, and functional morphology. Measures of bone strength, including robusticity (diaphyseal thickness relative to length) and cross-sectional geometric properties such as moments of area, are particularly useful for inferring behavior because bone tissue adapts to its mechanical environment. Particularly during skeletal growth, exercise-induced strains can stimulate periosteal modeling so that, to some extent, bone thickness reflects individual behavior. Thus, patterns of skeletal robusticity have been used to identify gender-based activity differences, temporal shifts in mobility, and changing subsistence strategies. Although there is no doubt that mechanical loading leaves its mark on the skeleton, less is known about whether individuals differ in their skeletal responses to exercise. For example, the potential effects of hormones or growth factors on bone-strain interactions are largely unexplored. If the hormonal background can increase or decrease the effects of exercise on skeletal robusticity, then the same mechanical loads might cause different degrees of bone response in different individuals. Here I focus on the role of the hormone estrogen in modulating exercise-induced changes in human bone thickness.

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Serum Estradiol Is Associated With Volumetric BMD and Modulates the Impact of Physical Activity on Bone Size at the Age of Peak Bone Mass: A Study in Healthy Male Siblings

Cited by 62 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalent fractures are related to cortical bone geometry in young healthy men at age of peak bone mass

Prevalent fractures are related to cortical bone geometry in young healthy men at age of peak bone mass

Relationship between body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and limb bone cross‐sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton

Estrogen, exercise, and the skeleton

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