Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome

Jung, Chan-Hee; Lee, Won Young; Rhee, Eun-Jung; Kim, Se-Yeon; Oh, Ki-Won; Yun, Eun-Joo; Kim, Sun-Woo

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.01.003

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contrast, Giavioli et al showed lower ghrelin levels in GHD adults, which increased after a long-term treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) possibly because of modifications of body fat stores rather than of GH–IGF-I levels (40). These findings are also in contrast with those of Engstrom who recorded a decrease in total ghrelin levels after 9 months of rhGH treatment in GHD subjects (42). These discordant data may be attributed to patients’ selection, group size, dose of rhGH treatments, and other comorbidities and need to be investigated further.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arginine Infusion on Ghrelin Secretion in Growth Hormone-Sufficient and GH-Deficient Children

Prodam

Genoni

Bellone

et al. 2012

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundThe physiological link between ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) has not yet been fully clarified. Furthermore, the existence of a negative feedback mechanism between growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (GH–IGF)-I axis and ghrelin and the influence of amino acids on ghrelin secretion in children remain matters of debate.ObjectivesTo understand the regulation of ghrelin secretion and clarify the relationship between ghrelin and GH secretion in GH-deficient (GHD) and GH-sufficient (GHS) children.Patients and MethodsTen GHD (male/female [M/F], 6/4; age [mean ± SEM], 10.7 ± 0.9 years) and 10 GHS prepubertal children (M/F, 6/4; age [mean ± SEM], 10.3 ± 0.6 years), underwent an arginine (ARG) test (infusion, 0.5 g/kg, iv). Levels of GH, total ghrelin, and acylated ghrelin (AG) were assayed every 30 min from 0 to +120 min.ResultsPeak GH values were lower in GHD subjects than in GHS subjects (P < 0.0001). The baseline levels, peak levels, or area under the curves (AUC) for total ghrelin and AG were similar between GHD and GHS children. ARG infusion was followed by a slight to significant decrease in total ghrelin levels, but not AG levels, both in GHD and GHS subjects with a nadir at +30 min. No correlation was seen between GH, total ghrelin, or AG response and ARG infusion.ConclusionsTotal ghrelin and AG levels seemed unaffected by GH status in prepubertal children. ARG infusion was unable to blunt ghrelin secretion irrespective of GH status in childhood. Moreover, since ARG influences GH secretion via modulation of somatostatin release, ghrelin secretion seems to be partially refractory to somatostatin action.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arginine Infusion on Ghrelin Secretion in Growth Hormone-Sufficient and GH-Deficient Children

Prodam

Genoni

Bellone

et al. 2012

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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“…Marzullo et al (2002) observed a significant elevation in leptin levels only in male GHD patients. Jung et al (2006) reported that leptin levels were not significantly different between the GHD and healthy control groups. Leptin levels correlated with body fat, but did not correlate with the peak GH or area under the curve for growth hormone (GHAUC) in the GHD subjects (Jung et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Jung et al (2006) reported that leptin levels were not significantly different between the GHD and healthy control groups. Leptin levels correlated with body fat, but did not correlate with the peak GH or area under the curve for growth hormone (GHAUC) in the GHD subjects (Jung et al 2006). The disparities may reflect their smaller sample size, the age differences (children versus adults) and different matching criteria for the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, the high leptin levels were not related to differences in the fat mass of the GHD patients, but were associated with the reduced fat-free mass (de A Barretto et al 1999). In other studies, leptin concentrations in the serum were significantly associated with the fat mass, but were not elevated in patients with GHD (Jung et al 2006). These studies suggest that the differential modulation of leptin levels in GHD patients need to be further delineated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Leptin expression and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in growth hormone deficiency patients

Chen

et al. 2011

Hum Genet

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Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patients have lower weight, height, bone age, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, GH levels, fat metabolism and skeletal growth. The association of leptin with GHD characteristics and the effect of gene variants of leptin on GHD are unknown. Our aim was to examine the association of circulating leptin levels and common genetic variants in leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes with anthropometric measures, circulating hormone concentrations and GHD. A case control study of 125 GHD cases and 159 control subjects were characterized for bone age, body mass index (BMI), height, weight, leptin, IGF-1, GH and their genotype at the leptin promoter G-2548A, and LEPR variants, K109R and Q223R, at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital. Leptin levels were significantly associated with lower bone age, weight and BMI in GHD patients. Leptin levels were also significantly associated with reduced IGF-1 levels in girls but not boys in both groups. The frequency of LEPR223 [A/G or A/A] genotype was significantly higher than the LEPR223 G/G genotype in the GHD group. The LEPR223 [A/G or A/A] genotype was significantly associated with increased weight and BMI in the control group, but not in the GHD group. In conclusion, the GHD group carried a significantly higher frequency of the LEPR [G/A or A/A] genotype and of the A allele (LEPR223R). The LEPR223R polymorphism affected weight and BMI in control, but not in GHD patients, suggesting that the effect of LEPR223 [A/G or A/A] genotype was counteracted by other factor(s) in GHD patients.

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“…26 In addition, no difference in ghrelin levels has been noted between normal and GH-deficient individuals. [27][28][29] Interestingly, AG levels were higher in children with poor weight gain than in those with short stature or chronic gastrointestinal dysfunctions, 30 indicating that AG would be released in response to an energy deficit rather than being submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com influenced by growth defects per se. Consequently, this either suggests that ghrelin is not essential for the regulation of normal growth functions or that other factors could compensate for its deficient secretion.…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Ghrelin Ghrelin and Gh Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine effects of acylated and des-acylated ghrelin

Andrich¹,

Cianflone²,

Comtois³

et al. 2012

RRED

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Acylated ghrelin is one of the few peptides known whose isolation and characterization follow the description of its receptor and its basic biological functions. Characterized initially for its somatotrophic properties, ghrelin was shown later to exert various effects on other important physiological functions in mammals, such as appetite, gastric acid secretion, gut motility, insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and energy expenditure. Further, ghrelin influences cardiac function, reproduction, and the immune system as well. Here we present an overview of the discovery and subsequent development of ghrelin as an important peptide hormone involved in the control of energy metabolism in humans and other mammals. Recently reported effects of acylated ghrelin on glucose/lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, lipid-droplet formation, fatty acid transport into mitochondria, and mitochondrial activity are particularly emphasized and discussed.

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Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Arginine Infusion on Ghrelin Secretion in Growth Hormone-Sufficient and GH-Deficient Children

Effect of Arginine Infusion on Ghrelin Secretion in Growth Hormone-Sufficient and GH-Deficient Children

Leptin expression and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in growth hormone deficiency patients

The endocrine effects of acylated and des-acylated ghrelin

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