Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and Bacterial Pneumonia

Quist, Joseph; Hill, A. Ross

doi:10.1378/chest.108.2.415

Cited by 110 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thereafter, the serum LDH level increases, as has been reported, e.g. in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [33][34][35], pulmonary alveolar proteinosis [11], desquamative interstitial pneumonitis [10,[37][38][39], and extrinsic allergic alveolitis [10] (table 1). An analogous situation is seen in sarcoidosis -characterized by the formation of noncaseating epitheloid cell granulomas, probably antigen driven -where increased amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced at pulmonary sites of disease activity are considered responsible for the observed serum hypergammaglobulinaemia [48].…”

Section: Ldh In Balfmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A summary of several pulmonary disorders associated with elevated serum LDH levels in human is given in table 1. These disorders all have in common that cell damage or inflammation or both are involved in the pathogenesis [9][10][11][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In contrast, mostly in lung cancer -in the absence of liver metastases -no increased serum or BALF LDH was found (unpublished data).…”

Section: Serum Ldh In Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

462

347

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Cytoplasmatic cellular enzymes, like LDH, in the extracellular space, although of no further metabolic function in this space, are still of benefit because they serve as indicators suggestive of disturbances of the cellular integrity induced by pathological conditions. Since LDH is an enzyme present in essentially all major organ systems, serum LDH activity is abnormal in a large number of disorders.Although the increase in total serum LDH activity is rather nonspecific, it is proposed that measurement of LDH activity levels and its isoenzyme pattern in pleural effusion and, more recently, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may provide additional information about lung and pulmonary endothelial cell injury.

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Section: Ldh In Balfmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Serum Ldh In Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

462

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to its extraordinarily widespread distribution in the body, serum LDH is abnormal in a host of disorders [3,16]. Although the increase in total serum LDH activity is rather nonspecific, measurements of LDH activity in serum, pleural effusion, and, more recently, in BAL fluid have been reported to be valuable tools for investigating lung and pulmonary endothelial cell injury [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BAL fluid LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme pattern in lipoid pneumonia caused by an intravenous injection of lamp oil

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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B BA AL L f fl lu ui id d L LD DH H a ac ct ti iv vi it ty y a an nd d L LD DH H i is so oe en nz zy ym me e p pa at tt te er rn n i in n l li ip po oi idIn addition to " "foamy" " alveolar macrophages, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed an increased number of neutrophils. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated. The increase seen in LDH activity both in serum and BAL fluid was accompanied by shifts in the isoenzyme pattern in similar directions for both fluids. These findings suggest a pulmonary source for the temporary serum as well as BAL fluid LDH increase.This case indicates the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis as a probe to detect pulmonary injury caused by a pneumotoxicant and, probably, to monitor recovery or deterioration. Eur Respir J., 1996Respir J., , 9, 2416 Case report A 30 year old man was transferred to our hospital from a local hospital. Eight hours before admission he had attempted suicide by injecting 10 mL of lamp oil (liquid paraffin) into a vein in his left elbow. On admission, no abnormalities were found. Over the following hours, the patient's respiratory condition deteriorated requiring mechanical ventilation.Chest radiography revealed a diffuse reticulonodular infiltrative process. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 2 days after admission. Simultaneously, blood samples were taken. No bacteria were seen on Gramstained preparations and culture of BAL fluid remained sterile. Further analysis of the BAL fluid revealed an increased number of cells (32×10 4 cells·L -1 ; reference value for nonsmokers 10.3±1.5×10 4 cells·L -1 ), predominantly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (52%; reference value for nonsmokers 1.3±0.2%) [1].Cell-free supernatant from BAL fluid as well as serum were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase activities. Additionally, protein and albumin contents were determined in cell-free BAL fluid and serum. In serum, the total protein and albumin levels were decreased (table 1). LDH activity was increased in serum to 795 U·L -1 (reference range 200-450 U·L -1 ) [2,3], as well as in BAL fluid (115 U·L -1 ; reference range 20-59 U·L -1 ) (table 1). Alkaline phosphatase activity in BAL fluid was high (145 U·L -1 ; reference range 0-25 U·L -1 ), whereas in serum it was within normal limits (table 1). At this moment, all other laboratory tests including liver function tests were normal. Moreover, on cytocentrifuged preparations of the BAL fluid stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) numerous lipid-laden, "foamy" alveolar macrophages were seen.The diagnosis lipoid pneumonia was based on the clinical picture and the cytological analysis of BAL fluid.

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“…It should also be noted that elevated LDH has also been associated with many other illnesses that can affect AIDS patients, including but not limited to PCP, bacterial pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis [8]. When dyspnea is the only presenting symptom, LDH has a greater specificity for PCP and histoplasmosis.…”

Section: Ldh Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate Dehydrogenase and Ferritin Levels: A Clinical Clue for Early Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV Patients

Zarlasht¹,

Ramadan²,

Almoadhen³

et al. 2016

J Med Cases

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Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and Bacterial Pneumonia

Cited by 110 publications

References 7 publications

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

BAL fluid LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme pattern in lipoid pneumonia caused by an intravenous injection of lamp oil

Lactate Dehydrogenase and Ferritin Levels: A Clinical Clue for Early Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV Patients

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