Serum Marker Panels for Predicting Liver Fibrosis – An Update

Joseph, John

doi:10.33176/aacb-20-00002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As we evaluated patients after just six months of therapy, we will likely be unable to see changes in the amount of this cytokine. This is because the regression of inflammation comes before to the regression of liver fibrosis, which may induce a decrease in liver stiffness presented by elastography values [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Inflammatory/Immune Response and Cytokine Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) before and after Direct Acting Antiviral (DAAs) Treatment

Ferreira

Oliveira

Bicho

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Host regulatory immune response is involved in the hepatic inflammatory process caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to determine if HCV clearance with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) changes the hepatic fibrosis stage, biochemical parameters of liver injury, and inflammatory/immune responses. Sample: 329 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, 134 of them treated with DAAs. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by transient elastography (FibroScan), biochemical and cellular parameters were determined by standard methods, cytokine concentration by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), and genetic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or endpoint genotyping. Before DAA treatment, severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3/4) was associated with higher values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and genotypes transforming growth factor-beta-509 C/T_CC (TGF-β-509 C/T_CC), interleukine-10-1082 T/C_CC (IL-10-1082 T/C_CC), and IL-10-592 G/T_GT. After DAA treatment, fewer F3/4 patients and lower values of TNF-α were found. Patients with TNF-α-308 G/A_GG and IL-10-592 G/T_GT were at risk for F3/4. Lack of improvement of liver fibrosis was associated with lower baseline values of platelet count for genotypes TNF-α-308 G/A_GG and haplotype TT/GG of IL-10-1082 T/C and IL-10-592 G/T. Our study showed decreased liver fibrosis/inflammation and normalization of liver injury biomarkers after DAA treatment. It also points to the importance of suppressing the pro-inflammatory response by DAAs in the resolution of hepatitis C, contributing to the improvement of liver damage evaluated by transient elastography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Inflammatory/Immune Response and Cytokine Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) before and after Direct Acting Antiviral (DAAs) Treatment

Ferreira

Oliveira

Bicho

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…HSCs that have been activated release collagen, fibronectin, and other substances that stimulate the production of collagen fibers, resulting in the development of liver tissue fibrosis. 156 …”

Section: Msc-evs and Liver Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes in Various Chronic Liver Diseases: Hype or Hope?

Zhu,

Wang,

Guo

et al. 2024

JIR

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Chronic liver conditions are associated with high mortality rates and have a large adverse effect on human well-being as well as a significant financial burden. Currently, the only effective treatment available for the effects of liver failure and cirrhosis resulting from the progression of several chronic liver diseases is liver transplantation carried out at the original location. This implies that developing novel and effective treatments is imperative. Regenerative medicine has long been associated with stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of cell with great differentiation potential, have become the preferred source for stem cell therapy. According to recent studies, MSCs’ paracrine products—rather than their capacity for differentiation—play a significant therapeutic effect. MSC exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV), came into view as the paracrine substances of MSCs. According to research, MSC exosomes can maintain tissue homeostasis, which is necessary for healthy tissue function. All tissues contain them, and they take part in a variety of biological activities that support cellular activity and tissue regeneration in order to preserve tissue homeostasis. The outcomes support the use of MSCs and the exosomes they produce as a therapeutic option for a range of diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the source of MSC-EVs and outlines their physiological roles and biochemical capabilities. The elucidation of the role of MSC-EVs in the recovery and repair of hepatic tissues, as well as their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis, is discussed in relation to different chronic liver diseases. This review aims to provide new insights into the unique roles that MSC-EVs play in the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

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“…The gold standard for detecting liver fibrosis is the histological analysis of biopsy specimens; however, the invasive nature of the procedure and the associated risks reduce patient compliance [ 138 ]. The utility of circulating biomarkers including circulating proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, as well as RNA for predicting liver fibrosis, has been described in several studies, including [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. EV-enclosed ncRNAs have also been investigated as potential biomarkers for the grading of liver fibrosis [ 143 ].…”

Section: Ev-enclosed Non-coding Rnas As Biomarkers For Detection and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Vehicles for Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Liver Diseases

Ferro,

Saccu,

Mattivi

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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In recent years, EVs have emerged as promising vehicles for coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have demonstrated remarkable potential as biomarkers for various diseases, including chronic liver diseases (CLDs). EVs are small, membrane-bound particles released by cells, carrying an arsenal of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and other ncRNA species, such as piRNAs, circRNAs, and tsRNAs. These ncRNAs act as key regulators of gene expression, splicing, and translation, providing a comprehensive molecular snapshot of the cells of origin. The non-invasive nature of EV sampling, typically via blood or serum collection, makes them highly attractive candidates for clinical biomarker applications. Moreover, EV-encapsulated ncRNAs offer unique advantages over traditional cell-free ncRNAs due to their enhanced stability within the EVs, hence allowing for their detection in circulation for extended periods and enabling more sensitive and reliable biomarker measurements. Numerous studies have investigated the potential of EV-enclosed ncRNAs as biomarkers for CLD. MiRNAs, in particular, have gained significant attention due to their ability to rapidly respond to changes in cellular stress and inflammation, hallmarks of CLD pathogenesis. Elevated levels of specific miRNAs have been consistently associated with various CLD subtypes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and chronic hepatitis B and C. LncRNAs have also emerged as promising biomarkers for CLD. These transcripts are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including liver regeneration, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Studies have shown that lncRNA expression profiles can distinguish between different CLD subtypes, providing valuable insights into disease progression and therapeutic response. Promising EV-enclosed ncRNA biomarkers for CLD included miR-122 (elevated levels of miR-122 are associated with MASLD progression and liver fibrosis), miR-21 (increased expression of miR-21 is linked to liver inflammation and fibrosis in CLD patients), miR-192 (elevated levels of miR-192 are associated with more advanced stages of CLD, including cirrhosis and HCC), LncRNA HOTAIR (increased HOTAIR expression is associated with MASLD progression and MASH development), and LncRNA H19 (dysregulation of H19 expression is linked to liver fibrosis and HCC progression). In the present review, we focus on the EV-enclosed ncRNAs as promising tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of CLD of various etiologies.

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Serum Marker Panels for Predicting Liver Fibrosis – An Update

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Role of Inflammatory/Immune Response and Cytokine Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) before and after Direct Acting Antiviral (DAAs) Treatment

Role of Inflammatory/Immune Response and Cytokine Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) before and after Direct Acting Antiviral (DAAs) Treatment

Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes in Various Chronic Liver Diseases: Hype or Hope?

Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Vehicles for Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Liver Diseases

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