Serum S100B Represents a New Biomarker for Mood Disorders

Schroeter, Matthias L.; Sacher, Julia; Steiner, Johann; Schoenknecht, Peter; Mueller, Karsten

doi:10.2174/13894501113149990014

Cited by 104 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Biomarker concentrations in serum and CSF are, however, in many cases not correlated, and this can also explain the discrepancy between our study and previous studies. Importantly, S100B expression has been reported in several nonneuronal cells including adipocytes, melanocytes, chondrocytes, myocardium, and Schwann cells (reviewed by Schroeter et al, 2013). It is thus possible that manic and/or depressed episodes, as well as medications, affect S100B expression in these cells, resulting in increased S100B serum concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are, however, other CSF markers that reflect other aspects of brain injuries such as white matter lesions and associated glial cell injury as well as neurodegenerative disease. These biomarkers include neurofilament light chain (NF-L), a marker of subcortical myelinated axons (Rosengren et al, 1996); myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of oligodendrocytes (Olsson et al, 2011); the calcium-binding protein S100B, which is enriched in and might be secreted by astro-and oligodendrocytes (Schroeter et al, 2013); and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), which despite its name is a marker for cortical neurons (Pelsers et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Concentrations of Neurofilament Light Chain in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Bipolar Disorder Patients

Jakobsson

Bjerke

Ekman

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood swings between manic and depressive states. The etiology and pathogenesis of BD is unclear, but many of the affected cognitive domains, as well as neuroanatomical abnormalities, resemble symptoms and signs of small vessel disease. In small vessel disease, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers reflecting damages in different cell types and subcellular structures of the brain have been established. Hence, we hypothesized that CSF markers related to small vessel disease may also be applicable as biomarkers for BD. To investigate this hypothesis, we sampled CSF from 133 patients with BD and 86 healthy controls. The concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NF-L), myelin basic protein (MBP), S100B, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) were measured in CSF and analyzed in relation to diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and ongoing medications. Hereby we found an elevation of the marker of subcortical axonal damage, NF-L, in bipolar subjects. We also identified positive associations between NF-L and treatment with atypical antipsychotics, MBP and lamotrigine, and H-FABP and lithium. These findings indicate axonal damage as an underlying neuropathological component of bipolar disorder, although the clinical value of elevated NF-L remains to be validated in follow-up studies. The associations between current medications and CSF brain injury markers might aid in the understanding of both therapeutic and adverse effects of these drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Concentrations of Neurofilament Light Chain in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Bipolar Disorder Patients

Jakobsson

Bjerke

Ekman

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…50 Furthermore, the mechanism of release of S100-B may not be exclusive to brain injury because elevated levels have also been detected in ischemic reperfusion injury, patients with mood disorders, and cases of polytrauma without head injury. 2,115,128 Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a neurofilament protein, is exclusively expressed by astrocytes. It has been suggested to be a more specific biomarker for brain injury than S100-B.…”

Section: Blood Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-related brain injuries: connecting pathology to diagnosis

Pan¹,

Connolly²,

Dangelmajer³

et al. 2016

FOC

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Neurosurg Focus 40 (4):E14, 2016M any sports-related brain injuries involve mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), which result from physical blows to the head sustained over a period of time. Sports associated with an increased risk of head injury include American football, ice hockey, soccer, rugby, the martial arts, boxing, and bicycling. 21,90 These injuries are often unrecognized, undiagnosed, or underreported, which reflects the fact that this is a growing medical concern, often labeled a "silent epidemic." 8,66 Chronic exposure to mild brain injuries can result in long-term neurological consequences and represents a spectrum of disorders. The most remarkable outcome of mTBI is termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a clinical syndrome that is associated with neurodegeneration and behavioral, cognitive, and/or motor deficits. Although this disease has distinct pathological features, CTE is considered a diagnosis of exclusion because only postmortem biopsies can confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, new diagnostic methods need to be developed to: 1) inform patients of a definitive diagnosis, 2) better understand the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease, and 3) implement intervention programs to prevent any potential long-term complications. This review examines how understanding the pathology and molecular changes associated with repeated head trauma can lead to the discovery of novel imaging techniques and biomarkers. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and CTEChronic traumatic encephalopathy has evolved from the so-called punch-drunk syndrome, which was used to describe a distinct neuropsychiatric condition that seemed to affect boxers, eventually becoming known as dementia pugilistica during the 1920s and 1930s. Symptoms such ABBrEvIATIoNs AD = Alzheimer's disease; APOE = apolipoprotein E; ASL = arterial spin labeling; BBB = blood-brain barrier; BOLD = blood oxygen level-dependent; CA = cornu ammonis; CTE = chronic traumatic encephalopathy; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; FA = fractional anisotropy; fMRI = functional MRI; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; GRE = gradient recall echo; miRNA = microRNA; MRS = MR spectroscopy; mTBI = mild traumatic brain injury; NFL = National Football League; NFT = neurofibrillary tangle; NINDS = National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; NSE = neuron-specific enolase; p-tau = phosphorylated tau; SWI = susceptibility-weighted imaging; TDP-43 = TAR DNA-binding protein 43;18 F-FDDNP = 2-(1-{6- [(2-[fluorine-18] Brain injuries are becoming increasingly common in athletes and represent an important diagnostic challenge. Early detection and management of brain injuries in sports are of utmost importance in preventing chronic neurological and psychiatric decline. These types of injuries incurred during sports are referred to as mild traumatic brain injuries, which represent a heterogeneous spectrum of disease. The most dramatic manifestation of chronic mild traumatic brain injuries is termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which is associated with profo...

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“…NSE is a marker for neuronal injury. In contrast to BDNF and S100B, serum NSE levels seem to be stable in depression suggesting mainly glial dysfunction (Schroeter et al, 2013). However, a recent publication reported increased NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Schmidt et al, 2015), leaving more space for discussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The glial marker protein S100B is elevated during major depressive episodes and decreased following successful treatment (Schroeter et al, 2013). Thus, fluctuations in serum levels of BDNF and S100B seem to be state markers for major depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence For Glial Pathology In Late Life Minor Depression: s100b Is Increased In Males With Minor Depression

et al. 2016

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Minor depression is diagnosed when a patient suffers from 2 to 4 depressive symptoms for at least 2 weeks. Though minor depression is a widespread phenomenon, its pathophysiology has hardly been studied. To get a first insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder we assessed serum levels of biomarkers for plasticity, glial and neuronal function: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE). 27 subjects with minor depressive episode and 82 healthy subjects over 60 years of age were selected from the database of the Leipzig population-based study of civilization diseases (LIFE). Serum levels of BDNF, S100B and NSE were compared between groups, and correlated with age, body-mass index (BMI), and degree of white matter hyperintensities (score on Fazekas scale). S100B was significantly increased in males with minor depression in comparison to healthy males, whereas other biomarkers did not differ between groups (p = 0.10-0.66). NSE correlated with Fazekas score in patients with minor depression (r s = 0.436, p = 0.048) and in the whole sample (r s = 0.252, p = 0.019). S100B correlated with BMI (r s = 0.246, p = 0.031) and with age in healthy subjects (r s = 0.345, p = 0.002). Increased S100B in males with minor depression, without alterations in BDNF and NSE, supports the glial hypothesis of depression. Correlation between white matter hyperintensities and NSE underscores the vascular hypothesis of late life depression.

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Serum S100B Represents a New Biomarker for Mood Disorders

Cited by 104 publications

References 118 publications

Elevated Concentrations of Neurofilament Light Chain in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Bipolar Disorder Patients

Elevated Concentrations of Neurofilament Light Chain in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Bipolar Disorder Patients

Sports-related brain injuries: connecting pathology to diagnosis

First Evidence For Glial Pathology In Late Life Minor Depression: s100b Is Increased In Males With Minor Depression

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