Serum Vitamin D level and its association with red blood cell indices in patients with periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Research of late has brought to light a connect between Vitamin D and anemia. The level of 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) is decreased in periodontitis subjects as against subjects without periodontitis and this reduced level could be related to more risk for anemia in periodontitis patients. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the serum 25(OH) D levels and red blood cell indices in patients affected by generalized Stage III Grade B periodontitis and healthy controls and to assess the association between level of Vitamin D and red cell indices in periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: The subjects were categorized into (i) case and (ii) control group of 30 each. Clinical parameters including oral hygiene index simplified, mean ratio of sites that bled on probing, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and the clinical attachment loss were assessed in both the groups. Subjects' blood samples (venous) were taken for the biochemical analysis. Results: In contradiction to healthy subjects, periodontitis subjects had significantly diminished 25(OH) D levels, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). 25(OH) D was moderately correlated with MCHC ( r = 0.53) and it was statistically significant ( P = 0.002). Conclusion: Periodontitis impacts Vitamin D status which further causes anemia. It suggests that effective management of periodontitis can help maintain sufficient Vitamin D status and may be vital in preventing anemia.

Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D Levels in a Series of Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…This result was in line with a NHANES II 2001-2006 study, where in US children and adolescents, hemoglobin levels increased significantly with higher Vit-D quartiles [54]. Similarly, in periodontitis patients, there was a positively correlated between Vit-D and red blood count (RBC) index MCHC [55]. Nevertheless, this outcome is contrary to the KiGGS (Kinder German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) study (11 to 17 years), where hemoglobin, MCHC, and RBC were inversely correlated and mean corpuscular volume was positively with serum Vit-D levels [56].…”

“…Dietary Vit-D intake had a negative correlation with CRP and basophils. Intracellular bacteria are thought to influence cytokine production, and cytokine activation suppresses transcription of the gene 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D (1,25(OH) 2D)/Vit-D receptor in monocytes and macrophages [55]. Vitamin D can reduce the proinflammatory cytokine in macrophages and consequently inflammation in the airways, as well as act in the induction of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates or in the induction of autophagy against infections [58].…”

The impact of vitamin D deficiency on caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer: A systematic review

“…Table 1 , Table 2 , Table 3 detail the 32 studies (2017–2022) with varied designs, countries, and subjects' ages. There are 15 cross-sectional studies ( Agrawal et al, 2019 , Akinkugbe et al, 2019 , Carvalho Silva et al, 2021 , Dinda et al, 2020 , Fatturi et al, 2020 , Herzog and Ordóñez-Mena, 2022 , Isola et al, 2020 , Pratyusha et al, 2021 , Seminario et al, 2018 , Sufiawati et al, 2021 , Wang et al, 2019 , Yilidiz Telatar and Saydam, 2020 , Yussif and Selim, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2020 ), 10 case-control studies ( Alzahrani et al, 2021 , Aribam et al, 2020 , Gupta et al, 2022 , Ho et al, 2017 , Jha et al, 2021 , Ketharanathan et al, 2019 , Marian et al, 2019 , Nireeksha et al, 2022 , Protyusha and Sundharam, 2021 , Yuce et al, 2017 ), one combining both ( Hussein et al, 2021 ), one clinico-biochemical study ( Bhargava et al, 2019 ), and 5 without mentioned design ( Anbarcioglu et al, 2019 , Bayirli et al, 2020 , Duman et al, 2022 , Isola et al, 2021 , Madalena et al, 2020 ). Among them, 19 focused on adults, 10 on children, one on both adults and children, and one did not specify age ( Dinda et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Univariate, multivariate, subgroup analyses, ANOVA, non-parametric test, Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression model were used for data analysis. No Gupta et al,2022 India Adult No N/A Case control study Used gingival index, mean ratio of BOP, oral hygiene index simplified, PPD, and CAL for periodontal assessment. Venous blood samples from the subjects were collected for the biochemical examination.…”

“…Studies exploring the correlation between VD serum levels and periodontitis used the AAP Classification of Periodontal Diseases 1999 ( Agrawal et al, 2019 , Alzahrani et al, 2021 , Bayirli et al, 2020 , Bhargava et al, 2019 , Isola et al, 2020 , Wang et al, 2019 , Yuce et al, 2017 , Yussif and Selim, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2021 ) and 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions ( Gupta et al, 2022 ) for diagnosis. VD serum levels were analysed using different methods such as DiaSorin radioimmunoassay kit ( Zhou et al, 2021 ), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay kit ( Alzahrani et al, 2021 , Bhargava et al, 2019 , Isola et al, 2021 , Isola et al, 2020 , Wang et al, 2019 , Zhou et al, 2021 ), liquid chromatography‐mass ( Anbarcioglu et al, 2019 , Bayirli et al, 2020 , Yussif and Selim, 2021 ), fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay ( Gupta et al, 2022 ), atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry in high-pressure liquid chromatography ( Ketharanathan et al, 2019 ) or chemiluminescence ( Yuce et al, 2017 ). Most studies revealed a relationship between VD levels and periodontitis, except for two studies ( Yussif and Selim, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2021 ).…”