“…In one report specifically directed at older adult kin care by low-income women, Ward and Carney (1994) describe caring as a transitional process beginning with the inevitability of the caregiving role and ending with acquiescence to it. For many women, the experience required little assistance; for others, the need for assistance, such as physical, psychosocial, and financial aid, was extensive (Adams, 1980;Kinshef & Yeolin, 1981;Ward & Carney, 1994). Ward and Carney conclude that beyond gender issues, low-income families have economic constraints that limit their ability to envision and use alternatives to their own time and labor.…”