Set-Congruent Priming Stimuli Normalize the Information Processing of Psychopathic Offenders

Dargis, Monika; Mattern, Alexandra C.; Newman, Joseph P.

doi:10.1007/s10862-017-9587-9

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Hiatt, Schmitt & Newman., 2004), and of normalized emotional processing following proscribed attention (e.g. Dargis, Mattern & Newman, 2017), have proven increasingly challenging for emotion-deficit theories to incorporate. Thus, more recent explanations have posited specific, largely automatic, attentional deficits that preclude optimal attentional allocation to goal-incongruent information (e.g.…”

Section: Attentional Deficits and Normalized Affective Processing Following Proscribed Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emotion-deficit theories argue, somewhat awkwardly, that these abnormalities exist as information-processing consequences of the psychopath’s reduced sensitivity to aversive and/or emotionally valent stimuli. However, several recent demonstrations of attentional abnormalities to non-emotional stimuli (e.g., Hiatt et al, 2004), and of normalized emotional processing following proscribed attention (e.g., Dargis, Mattern, & Newman, 2017), have proven increasingly challenging for emotion-deficit theories to incorporate. Thus, more recent explanations have posited specific, largely automatic, attentional deficits that preclude optimal attentional allocation to goal-incongruent information (e.g., Hamilton et al, 2015; Patterson & Newman, 1993).…”

Section: Reconceptualizing Fundamental Characteristics Of Psychopathy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

Groat

Shane

2020

European Psychologist

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Abstract. The link between psychopathy and violence has been well documented. Estimates suggest psychopathic offenders are responsible for as much as 40% of violence-related crime, and that they show rates of violent recidivism up to five times higher than non-psychopathic offenders. Existing theories of the disorder argue that this violence stems from a core insensitivity to emotional/aversive information, or from a core inability to optimally allocate processing resources in complex environments. However, some newer findings have been difficult for existing theories to assimilate; moreover, successful treatment programs based off current conceptualizations have been slow to develop. With this in mind, the current paper proposes a new motivational framework for psychopathy, within which the disorder is conceptualized as stemming from more strategic, motivated processes. The paper begins by reviewing traditional theories of psychopathy and highlighting their explanatory strengths and limitations. The proposed motivational framework is then outlined, and a supportive rationale for the framework provided. Next, the paper undertakes a selective review of some of the most empirically supported features of the disorder, to highlight how these features may be productively reformulated within a motivational framework. Finally, the paper suggests several methods through which an empirical evaluation of the proposed ideas may be undertaken, and explores potential implications of a motivational framework for next-generation rehabilitation and treatment opportunities.

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Section: Attentional Deficits and Normalized Affective Processing Following Proscribed Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconceptualizing Fundamental Characteristics Of Psychopathy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

Groat

Shane

2020

European Psychologist

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“…It is likely that conventional intervention strategies are ineffective to treat psychopaths because they learn better techniques to manipulate others (Moreira, Almeida, Pinto, & Fávero, 2014). Instead, some authors suspect that specific interventions that take psychopathic traits into consideration might have a positive impact on treatment outcomes (Felthous, 2015;Reidy, Kearns, & DeGue, 2013); recent studies implementing alternative and specific intervention programs targeted at psychopathic individuals have obtained encouraging results (Burt, Olver, & Wong, 2016;Dargis, Mattern, & Newman, 2017). Thus, research targeted at the identification of psychopathic batterers is imperative to design effective, specific BIPs for psychopathic batterers.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of psychopathic traits among intimate partner-violent men: A systematic review

Fernández-Suárez¹,

Pérez²,

Herrero³

et al. 2017

Rev. iberoam. psicol. salud

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“…This in turn may aid the development of treatment and prevention programs. As argued by Dargis at al. (2017), treatment efforts emphasizing a balance of attention between primary and peripheral information may prove especially effective for reducing maladaptive behavior in psychopathic individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…However, when psychopathic individuals' focus of attention was manipulated such that there was no prepotent focus of attention or when peripheral information was spatially coincident (Hiatt et al, 2004) they displayed as much interference as controls. Additionally, psychopathic individuals' deficits in using peripheral information seem to be specific to incongruent stimuli (outside of attentional focus), since psychopathic individuals were found to demonstrate a normal or stronger facilitation effect of peripherally presented stimuli congruent with attentional focus (Hiatt et al, 2004;Dargis, Mattern, & Newman, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychopathy: Anxiety or Attention deficit?

Yasrebi¹

2018

Preprint

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The influential low-fear hypothesis (LFH) theorizes that psychopathy is related to the inability toexperience fear. Recent data challenged these insights and indicated that fear capacity may in factbe intact. The lack of emotional responding resulted from a deficit in the ability to processperipheral (e.g., fear-eliciting) information when engaged in goal-directed behaviour (ResponseModulation Hypothesis; RMH). For example, while non-psychopathic individuals were faster todiscriminate words from non-words when they were threatening (emotion facilitation),psychopathic individuals did not show such emotion facilitation in the lexical decision task (LDT).This study contributed to the aetiological debate on psychopathy. We examined the emotionattentioninteraction in psychopathic individuals by varying attentional focus in an LDT, towardsor away from the threatening nature of the stimuli or with no manipulation of attentional focus.The sample consisted of 47 male offenders. Psychopathy was approached dimensionally andassessed with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory. The low-fear hypothesis predicts lack ofemotion facilitation, irrespective of the attentional focus. The RMH predicts that such deficit isonly present when threat is outside of the focus of attention, and that psychopathic individualsshould display normal emotion facilitation during an LDT when directly attending emotionalstimuli. The findings did not support the hypotheses. We did not find a general emotion facilitationdeficit across all conditions, as would be apparent from an interaction effect of Word Category xPsychopathy. We did not find psychopathic individuals emotion facilitation to depend on theirattentional focus, as would be apparent from a three-way interaction effect of Word Category xPsychopathy x Condition. These results should be taken with caution since the observed power inour study was very low.

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Set-Congruent Priming Stimuli Normalize the Information Processing of Psychopathic Offenders

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

A Motivational Framework for Psychopathy: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Disorder

The role of psychopathic traits among intimate partner-violent men: A systematic review

Psychopathy: Anxiety or Attention deficit?

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