Severe Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites Associated With Natural Killer Cell Lymphocytosis

Tokura, Y.; Tamura, Yuji; Takigawa, Masaharu; Koide, Masayo; Satoh, Takahiro; Sakamoto, Taiko; Horiguchi, Daisuke; Yamada, Miki

doi:10.1001/archderm.1990.01670270094016

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In 1990, Tokura et al described a patient with HMB with 50% to 60% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells being NK cells. [23] Mean age of onset is 6.7 years without any gender predominance. [24] EBV infection immortalizes NK cells, which are activated by injection of some mosquito constituents, thereby exhibiting HMB as primary clinical manifestation.…”

Section: Anaphylactic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect bite reactions

Singh¹,

Mann²

2013

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol

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Insects are a class of living creatures within the arthropods. Insect bite reactions are commonly seen in clinical practice. The present review touches upon the medically important insects and their places in the classification, the sparse literature on the epidemiology of insect bites in India, and different variables influencing the susceptibility of an individual to insect bites. Clinical features of mosquito bites, hypersensitivity to mosquito bites Epstein-Barr virus NK (HMB-EBV-NK) disease, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, Skeeter syndrome, papular pruritic eruption of HIV/AIDS, and clinical features produced by bed bugs, Mexican chicken bugs, assassin bugs, kissing bugs, fleas, black flies, Blandford flies, louse flies, tsetse flies, midges, and thrips are discussed. Brief account is presented of the immunogenic components of mosquito and bed bug saliva. Papular urticaria is discussed including its epidemiology, the 5 stages of skin reaction, the SCRATCH principle as an aid in diagnosis, and the recent evidence supporting participation of types I, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions in its causation is summarized. Recent developments in the treatment of pediculosis capitis including spinosad 0.9% suspension, benzyl alcohol 5% lotion, dimethicone 4% lotion, isopropyl myristate 50% rinse, and other suffocants are discussed within the context of evidence derived from randomized controlled trials and key findings of a recent systematic review. We also touch upon a non-chemical treatment of head lice and the ineffectiveness of egg-loosening products. Knockdown resistance (kdr) as the genetic mechanism making the lice nerves insensitive to permethrin is discussed along with the surprising contrary clinical evidence from Europe about efficacy of permethrin in children with head lice carrying kdr-like gene. The review also presents a brief account of insects as vectors of diseases and ends with discussion of prevention of insect bites and some serious adverse effects of mosquito coil smoke.

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Section: Anaphylactic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect bite reactions

Singh¹,

Mann²

2013

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol

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“…115 A relation between hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and chronic EBV infection has been suggested, 119 and it is probably related to the direct infection of NK cells by the virus. 117,118,120 On the other hand, the relation between hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and NK-cell lymphoma is not so clear, even though several cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma arising in the context of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites have been published, 121,122 some of which have been preceded by vasculitis. 117,118,120 On the other hand, the relation between hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and NK-cell lymphoma is not so clear, even though several cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma arising in the context of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites have been published, 121,122 some of which have been preceded by vasculitis.…”

Section: Hypersensitivity To Mosquito Bitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus in Cutaneous Pathology

Fernández-Flores

2013

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA gamma herpes virus and it is present in 95% of adults. EBV infection is seen in many oncological conditions, although there is controversy regarding whether EBV is causative, a cofactor, or just a coincidental infection. Some of these conditions involve the skin as the main or as a secondary organ. In this report, we review several tumoral and nontumoral cutaneous conditions, which are related to EBV infection, and describe the epidemiology of infection and the life cycle of the virus.

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“…The size of the immediate wheal and fl are reaction correlates to the presence of IgE -specifi c antibodies, and there are strong cross -reactive skin and IgE -mediated responses among common mosquito species. 13 Frequent exposure to mosquito bites may produce blocking (IgG) antibodies and desensitization to the bites. 12 Marked vasodilation develops in the dermis along with perivascular infi ltration of leukocytes (polymorphonuclear, eosinophils).…”

Section: Histopathology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flies and Mosquitoes (Order: Diptera)

Barceloux

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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Severe Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites Associated With Natural Killer Cell Lymphocytosis

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Insect bite reactions

Insect bite reactions

Epstein–Barr Virus in Cutaneous Pathology

Flies and Mosquitoes (Order: Diptera)

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