Sex and Gender Differences in Autoimmune Diseases

Zandman‐Goddard, Gisele; Peeva, Elena; Rozman, Ziv; Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Langevitz, Pnina; Shvartser, Yulia; Amital, Daniela; Amital, Howard; Kivity, Shaye; Lidar, Merav; Orbach, Hedi; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-832-4_8

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Levels did not correlate with disease duration, autoantibody levels, or focal score in biopsies, but did correlate with the score of internal organ disease [26,56,60,61] RA Activating effects on macrophage and fibroblast proliferation.…”

Section: Other Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Affects maturation and selection of autoreactive B cells [23,24,56]. Increases autoantibody secretion [23,24].…”

Section: Other Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women who had surgery for breast cancer, and were treated with aromatase inhibitors for total estrogen depletion, tend to develop sicca syndrome with elevated titers of antinuclear antibodies [56,59].…”

Section: Other Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune disease and gender: Plausible mechanisms for the female predominance of autoimmunity

Quintero

Amador-Patarroyo

Montoya-Ortiz

et al. 2012

Journal of Autoimmunity

285

205

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A large number of autoimmune diseases (ADs) are more prevalent in women. The more frequent the AD and the later it appears, the more women are affected. Many ideas mainly based on hormonal and genetic factors that influence the autoimmune systems of females and males differently, have been proposed to explain this predominance. These hypotheses have gained credence mostly because many of these diseases appear or fluctuate when there are hormonal changes such as in late adolescence and pregnancy. Differences in X chromosome characteristics between men and women with an AD have led researchers to think that the genetic background of this group of diseases also relates to the genetic determinants of gender. These hormonal changes as well as the genetic factors that could explain why women are more prone to develop ADs are herein reviewed.

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Section: Other Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Affects maturation and selection of autoreactive B cells [23,24,56]. Increases autoantibody secretion [23,24].…”

Section: Other Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autoimmune disease and gender: Plausible mechanisms for the female predominance of autoimmunity

Quintero

Amador-Patarroyo

Montoya-Ortiz

et al. 2012

Journal of Autoimmunity

285

205

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…■ There is a significant delay in referral of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis to an early arthritis clinic in comparison with male patients [15].…”

Section: Science and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most autoimmune diseases are more frequent in women than in men [15]. Systemic lupus erythematosus is more frequent in women of reproductive age, as its severity is affected by serum oestrogen concentration.…”

Section: Science and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%