Sex dependent spatially explicit stochastic dispersal modeling as a framework for the study of jaguar conservation and management in South America

Bernal-Escobar, Adriana; Payán, Esteban; Cordovez, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.12.002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For instance, a common assumption of connectivity and corridor studies is that the suitability of conduit land cover classes for promoting movement is directly related to their suitability as habitat (Driscoll et al . ; Bernal‐Escobar, Payan & Cordovez ). A diffusion perspective suggests a different outlook; given that an individual is willing to enter a corridor, the most effective corridor may be one that promotes movement, for example, an area with high diffusion rates and therefore a high likelihood that the individual will reach suitable target patches to colonize or reproduce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species

Schultz

Pe'er

Damiani³

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Diffusion, which approximates a correlated random walk, has been used by ecologists to describe movement, and forms the basis for many theoretical models. However, it is often criticized as too simple a model to describe animal movement in real populations. We test a key prediction of diffusion models, namely, that animals should be more abundant in land cover classes through which they move more slowly. This relationship between density and diffusion has rarely been tested across multiple species within a given landscape. We estimated diffusion rates and corresponding densities of 25 Israeli butterfly species from flight path data and visual surveys. The data were collected across 19 sites in heterogeneous landscapes with four land cover classes: semi-natural habitat, olive groves, wheat fields and field margins. As expected from theory, species tended to have higher densities in land cover classes through which they moved more slowly and lower densities in land cover classes through which they moved more quickly. Two components of movement (move length and turning angle) were not associated with density, nor was expected net squared displacement. Move time, however, was associated with density, and animals spent more time per move step in areas with higher density. The broad association we document between movement behaviour and density suggests that diffusion is a good first approximation of movement in butterflies. Moreover, our analyses demonstrate that dispersal is not a species-invariant trait, but rather one that depends on landscape context. Thus, land cover classes with high diffusion rates are likely to have low densities and be effective conduits for movement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species

Schultz

Pe'er

Damiani³

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…, Bernal‐Escobar et al. ). The region is a vast 140,000‐km 2 floodplain consisting of a mosaic of plant communities including the Cerrado savanna ecoregion, the Gran Chaco region, and the Amazon forest (Gese et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, male jaguars were less clustered across the landscape than females, which were spatially grouped and located closer to den sites and areas with high prey densities (Bernal‐Escobar et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

et al. 2018

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How a predator uses its landscape to move through its territory and acquire prey is a fundamental question for scientific research. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on space use of large carnivores has profound implications for their future management and conservation. In the Pantanal, Brazil, jaguars (Panthera onca) are the apex predator, but conflicts with cattle depredations pose a risk to their future conservation. We examined whether behavioral state, sex, and season influenced how jaguars used the landscape in the Pantanal. To accomplish this, we radio‐collared four females and six males; radio‐collared jaguars were monitored for 76 radio‐months with 11,787 GPS locations acquired. We developed resource selection functions (RSFs) examining how female and male jaguars used their landscape during three behavioral states (moving, killing native prey, killing cattle) during two seasons (dry, wet). From the RSF models, we found similar variables and relationships of landscape characteristics that jaguars selected for when moving and when depredating native prey and cattle. While moving, jaguars selected for locations that were either in dense cover or very near dense cover, with higher plant diversity and closer to water than available across the landscape. While null models suggested jaguars opportunistically depredated native prey in the dry season and cattle in the wet season, there was some indication they selected for specific landscape characteristics, mainly dense cover when killing cattle in the dry season and native prey in the wet season. Both sexes killed native prey and cattle within dense cover or close to dense cover as expected of an ambush predator. Particular habitat types were not important as long as there was dense cover for concealment. Additionally, jaguars killed prey closer to water than was available on the landscape. The similar variables across the models showed the importance of dense cover and distance to dense cover during all three behavioral states indicating jaguars in the Pantanal were “always on the prowl.” Understanding the spatial requirements for jaguars during the acquisition of native prey and cattle may lead to improved management strategies to allow for continued coexistence of jaguars in an area of traditional cattle production.

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“…, Bernal‐Escobar et al. ) and also have lower survival rates (Goodrich et al. , Gutiérrez‐Gonzalez et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camera‐trapping provides insights into adult sex ratio variability in felids

Anile

Devillard

2018

Mammal Review

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Adult sex ratio (ASR) plays a pivotal role in many ecological processes, such as population dynamics in time and space, extinction risk and reproductive success, but few patterns in the variability in ASR have been found across species. Due to the socio‐spatial structure and polygynous mating system found in felids, ASR is expected to be female‐biased in felids in a finite area; however, ASR is also commonly found to be either balanced or male‐biased in this taxonomic group. Therefore, investigating ecological correlates of the pattern of ASR variability in felids is of prime importance both for a better understanding of evolutionary ecology and for a more evidence‐based conservation of these threatened taxa. The aim of this review was to investigate whether the expected female‐biased ASR occurs in felids, and whether ASR is influenced by the size of the study area, the species’ body mass and the population density, taking into account the species‐specific home‐range requirements. We reviewed the camera‐trapping literature on felids to build a large global multi‐species data set on ASR variation. We used general linear mixed models to investigate ecological correlates of ASR. In small study areas, the ASR was balanced for all species, but in large areas the ASR was female‐biased for large and medium cats and male‐biased for small cats; sampling designs that are unsuitable for small cats (due to ‘gaps’ within the trapping grid) might explain this latter finding. Moreover, in large study areas, an increase in cat density was associated with more females, whereas in small areas the reverse was true. Our study provides a scientifically sound background for management and conservation actions of these flagship‐threatened taxa of carnivores, by indicating the importance of the study area on ASR in felids. Large areas can promote the recovery of large and medium cats, as more females can be hosted.

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Sex dependent spatially explicit stochastic dispersal modeling as a framework for the study of jaguar conservation and management in South America

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species

Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species

Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

Camera‐trapping provides insights into adult sex ratio variability in felids

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