Sex differences in achievement in physical science.

Hurd, A. W.

doi:10.1037/h0074327

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Science.-In science the advantage likewise goes to boys, as is attested by investigations by Commins, 6 Atkinson, 1 Hurd, 8 and Jordan. 10 Comparisons were made in nature study by Commins, in physical science by Hurd, and in general science by Atkinson and Jordan.…”

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Sex differences in achievement in the elementary and secondary schools.

Stroud¹,

Lindquist²

1942

Journal of Educational Psychology

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This article reports the data on sex differences in school achievement yielded by the Iowa Every-Pupil Testing Program, high school, for the years 1932 to 1939, and the Iowa Every-Pupil Basic Skills Testing Program (Grades III-VIII) for the year 1940. A brief review of representative articles dealing with previously published investigations of a similar character is also given.A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE This brief review chiefly treats sex differences in achievement test scores, although attention is called at the outset to sex differences in school marks, promotion, acceleration, retardation, and similar evidences of school progress. In his Laggards in Our Schools, 1909, Ayres 2 concluded that "our schools as they now exist are better fitted to the needs and natures of the girl than of the boy pupils." He based this conclusion upon an analysis of the records of several hundred thousand pupils in various cities of the nation. In 7624 high schools in 1906-1907 there were 314,084 boys enrolled in comparison with 419,570 girls. In the elementary schools in fifteen cities, having an enrollment of 282,179 pupils, he found retardation among 37.1 per cent of the boys and 32.8 per cent of the girls. Approximately 23 per cent of the boys were repeating grades in comparison with 20.2 per cent of the girls. It is known that in recent years the number of boys in high school more nearly equals the number of girls.St. John's 16 data on retardation and acceleration make possible sex comparisons at comparable IQ levels. His investigation deals with the progress, over a four-year period, of about five hundred boys and four hundred fifty girls, Grades I to VI, chiefly I to IV, enrolled in the schools in a residential suburb of Boston. Table I shows the sex comparisons. St. John's data also show that correlations between IQ and achievement data were higher for girls than for boys. In marks of conduct and effort girls achieved a greater degree of superiority than in any of the other measures used.Johnson's 9 analysis of the records of the high-school pupils in St. Louis is to the same purpose. His data are shown, in part, in Table II.

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Sex differences in achievement in the elementary and secondary schools.

Stroud¹,

Lindquist²

1942

Journal of Educational Psychology

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“…These two topics are grouped together because of their close relationship in many of our mental tests (15,28,59). Various experimenters have found that girls speak their first word earlier (79), have larger vocabularies from cradle to college (36), dominate conversation in mixed groups (106), and also generally retain learned material better (105).…”

Section: Language Development and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research on sex differences.

Allen¹

1935

Psychological Bulletin

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In 1903, Woolley (118) maintained that sex alone does not produce any clear mental differences, and that variations in social training are probably the vital factors in causing obtained mental sex differences. More recent psychological data and opinion do not offer any radical challenge to this point of view. One reason why traditional attitudes still persist, nourished by the facile quotation of one author by another, may be the fact that the extensive literature of the past thirty-five years has been so frequently summarized (1,2,41,79,80,81,105).

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Experiments on learning in school situations.

Stroud¹

1940

Psychological Bulletin

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Sex differences in achievement in physical science.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Sex differences in achievement in the elementary and secondary schools.

Sex differences in achievement in the elementary and secondary schools.

Recent research on sex differences.

Experiments on learning in school situations.

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