Sex differences in cognitive functions

Weiss, Elisabeth M.; Kemmler, Georg; Deisenhammer, E; Fleischhacker, W. Wolfgang; Delazer, Margarete

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00288-x

Cited by 291 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In particular, the interaction between sex and visual field of presentation requires replication in light of the marginally significant effect found in the present experiment (p = .049) and given that Algan, et al (1997) did not report any such interaction in their experiment with Turkish adults. However, the observed results of more extensive laterality effects for men than for women is consistent with previous findings (e.g., see Halpern, 2000;Halpern & LaMay, 2000;Furedy & Pöğün, 2001;Weiss, et al;Boyle & Saklofske, 2004;Ecuyer-Dab & Robert, 2004). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, the group advantage for women over men on some verbal tasks tends to be reversed for certain visualspatial and mathematical tasks (see Halpern & Wright, 1996;Halpern, 2000Halpern, , 2004Kimura, 1999Kimura, , 2004. Weiss, Kemmler, Deisenhammer, Fleishhacker, and Delazer (2003) tried to evaluate the magnitude of sex differences in verbal and visual-spatial functions in 97 women and men. They found that women generally tended to outperform men on most spatial verbal tests whereas men tended to outperfom women on visual-spatial tasks Few researchers have directly compared verbal and visual-spatial tasks in the same experiment when examining sex differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Verbal and Visual-Spatial Tasks under Different Hemispheric Visual-Field Presentation Conditions

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Verbal and Visual-Spatial Tasks under Different Hemispheric Visual-Field Presentation Conditions

et al. 2010

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“…Kolb/Whishaw 2001, Mildner 2008, Pinker 2007, Sommer et al 2004, Weiss et al 2003. Verbal fluency-opgaven går i al sin enkelhed ud på at forsøgspersonen naevner så mange ord som muligt i løbet af et minut.…”

Section: Verbal Fluencyunclassified

“…Som eksempel kan naevnes Weis et al (Weiss et al 2003), der undersøgte 97 college-studerende (51 kvinder, 46 maend) og fandt at kvinder havde en signifikant fordel i leksikon-opgaven (p<0.02), men at der ingen signifikant forskel var i kategori-opgaven. Overordnet set har kvinder en tendens til at vaere bedre end maend på de fleste sproglige tests.…”

Section: Verbal Fluencyunclassified

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Er der kønsforskelle i hjernens bearbejdning af sprog?

Wallentin

2009

TfS

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Deconstructing Cognitive Impairment in Psychosis With a Machine Learning Approach

McCutcheon,

Keefe,

McGuire

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceCognitive functioning is associated with various factors, such as age, sex, education, and childhood adversity, and is impaired in people with psychosis. In addition to specific effects of the disorder, cognitive impairments may reflect a greater exposure to general risk factors for poor cognition.ObjectiveTo determine the extent that impairments in cognition in psychosis reflect risk factor exposures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined the relationship between exposures and cognitive function using data from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes studies 1 and 2 across 6 sites. Participants included healthy controls; patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar I disorder with psychosis; and relatives of patients. Predictive modeling was performed using extreme gradient boosting regression to train a composite cognitive score prediction model with nested cross-validation. Shapley additive explanations values were used to examine the relationship between exposures and cognitive function.ExposureExposures were chosen based on associations with cognition previously identified: age, sex, race and ethnicity, childhood adversity, education, parental education, parental socioeconomic status, parental age at birth, substance use, antipsychotic dose, and diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.ResultsA total of 3370 participants were included: 840 healthy controls, 709 patients with schizophrenia, 541 with schizoaffective disorder, 457 with bipolar I disorder with psychosis, and 823 relatives of patients. The mean (SD) age was 37.9 (13.3) years; 1887 were female (56%) and 1483 male (44%). The model predicted cognitive scores with high accuracy: out-of-sample Pearson correlation between predicted and observed cognitive composite score was r = 0.72 (SD = 0.03). Individuals with schizophrenia (z = −1.4), schizoaffective disorder (z = −1.2), and bipolar I disorder with psychosis (z = −0.5) all had significantly worse cognitive composite scores than controls. Factors other than diagnosis and medication accounted for much of this impairment (schizophrenia z = −0.73, schizoaffective disorder z = −0.64, bipolar I disorder with psychosis z = −0.13). Diagnosis accounted for a lesser proportion of this deficit (schizophrenia z = −0.29, schizoaffective disorder z = −0.15, bipolar I disorder with psychosis z = −0.13), and antipsychotic use accounted for a similar deficit across diagnostic groups (schizophrenia z = −0.37, schizoaffective disorder z = −0.33, bipolar I disorder with psychosis z = −0.26).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that transdiagnostic factors accounted for a meaningful share of the variance in cognitive functioning in psychosis. A significant proportion of the cognitive impairment in psychosis may reflect factors relevant to cognitive functioning in the general population. When considering interventions, a diagnosis-agnostic, symptom-targeted approach may therefore be appropriate.

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Sex differences in cognitive functions

Cited by 291 publications

References 44 publications

Sex Differences in Verbal and Visual-Spatial Tasks under Different Hemispheric Visual-Field Presentation Conditions

Sex Differences in Verbal and Visual-Spatial Tasks under Different Hemispheric Visual-Field Presentation Conditions

Er der kønsforskelle i hjernens bearbejdning af sprog?

Deconstructing Cognitive Impairment in Psychosis With a Machine Learning Approach

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