Sex Differences in Fos Protein Expression in the Neonatal Rat Brain

Olesen, Kristin M.; Auger, Anthony P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01302.x

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In addition, it has been reported that the brain turnover undergo major changes during development (Tucek et al, 1990) and such changes may show genetic variation (Adejumo et al, 2005) as reflected in the sex difference in the WAD. Also, of importance is the recent fact that some studies have indicated the expression of some proteins in the brain to be higher in males than females (Olesen and Auger, 2005) This study has shed light into the metal and total protein level in the brain of two goat breeds in Nigeria and may play a relevant role in future analysis of these values in the brain particularly as it affect the interplay between these metals and proteins and the environment. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cortical concentrations of metals and protein in the brain of two breeds of goats in Nigeria

Olopade¹,

Adejumo²,

Ladokun³

et al. 2006

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Metal pollution and exposure is an increasing global problem. One of the best ways to assess the impact of this problem on the brain is by using animals raised in such environments. As a prelude to this, the goat was used in this study to determine its normal metal and protein level in the brain. Ten metals and total crude protein were each analysed in the brains of twenty adult goats belonging to Red Sokoto (RS) and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds. The dry weight concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and I obtained in the brain using the A tomic Absorption Spectrophotometer were 189.10+42.99 p pm, 3.08+0.55ppm, 0.90+0.52ppm, 73.00+10.63ppm, 0.05+0.03ppm, and 188.91+61.13ppm 3.43+0.71ppm, 1.19+0.64ppm, 73.92+7.88ppm and 0.05+0.02ppm in West African Dwarf(WAD) and Red Sokoto(RS) goats respectively. The male RS goats had significantly higher levels (P<0.05) of Mn than the females. While the male WAD goats had higher levels of total crude protein, the concentration between the sexes of the RS goats was the same. This study has given information on metal and protein concentration in the brain of goat for use in comparative neurochemistry and toxicological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cortical concentrations of metals and protein in the brain of two breeds of goats in Nigeria

Olopade¹,

Adejumo²,

Ladokun³

et al. 2006

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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“…More particularly, in the developing rat brain c-fos induction has been used to study the ontogeny of the fear response (Wiedenmayer & Barr, 2001), the functional maturation of the amygdala (Moriceau, Roth, Okotoghaide, & Sullivan, 2004), the maturation of the circadian photicresponse in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Leard, Macdonald, Heller, & Kilduff, 1994), the development of the stress response (Dent, Smith, & Levine, 2001;Levine, 2002), the ontogeny of the oxygen-sensitive pathway in the medulla oblongata (White, Lawson, & Millhorn, 1994) and the response to neurotoxic insults such as anoxia (Tang, Ringstedt, Pequignot, & Lagercrantz, 2000), hypoxia (Ringstedt, Tang, Persson, Lendahl, & Lagercrantz, 1995), ischemia (Pabello, Tracy, SnyderKeller, & Keller, 2005), exposure to alcohol or cocaine (Mitchell & Snyder-Keller, 2003). Furthermore, c-fos expression has been employed to map brain areas activated during nursing (Hironaka, Shirakawa, Toki, Kinoshita, & Oguchi, 2000) and in the process of sexual differentiation of the brain (Giannakopoulou, Bozas, Philippidis, & Stylianopoulou, 2001;Olesen & Auger, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neonatal handling on the first postnatal day leads to increased maternal behavior and fos levels in the brain of the newborn rat

Garoflos

Stamatakis

Rafrogianni

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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In the present work we employed Fos expression, an index of neuronal activity, to identify brain areas activated by a single exposure to "neonatal handling" on postnatal Day 1. Eight hours following "handling" there was an increase in the number of Fos positive cells in the hippocampus, the parietal and occipital cortex. We also recorded maternal behavior during the 8 hr following "handling." "Handled" pups received increased maternal licking during the 4 hr following the end of "handling." Furthermore, the number of Fos positive cells detected in each of the three brain areas 8 hr following "handling" was positively correlated with the amount of licking up to 8 hr following "handling." These results indicate that the increased maternal care could underlie the handling-induced increase in Fos. The Fos protein, acting as a transcription factor, controls the expression of downstream genes, whose products may mediate the effects of "neonatal handling" on the developing rat brain.

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“…Ponceau S stains a protein band at approximately 45 kDa and allows for accurate quantification of the amount of total protein bound to a membrane. 11 Ponceau S staining has been shown to correlate well with staining for bactin and allows for accurate quantification of the amount of total protein bound to a membrane. 12 Because the protein band appearing at approximately 45 kDa contains all proteins potentially ranging from 43-47 kDa, normalizing to this band takes into account a multitude of proteins.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Difference in Mecp2 Expression During a Critical Period of Rat Brain Development

Kurian

Forbes-Lorman²,

Auger³

2007

Epigenetics

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Pervasive developmental disorder is a classification covering five related conditions including the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism. Of these five conditions, only RTT has a known genetic cause with mutations in Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a global repressor of gene expression, responsible for the majority of RTT cases. However, recent evidence indicates that reduced MeCP2 expression or activity is also found in autism and other disorders with overlapping phenotypes. Considering the sex difference in autism diagnosis, with males diagnosed four times more often than females, we questioned if a sex difference existed in the expression of MeCP2, in particular within the amygdala, a region that develops atypically in autism. We found that male rats express significantly less mecp2 mRNA and protein than females within the amygdala, as well as the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), but not within the preoptic area (POA) on post-natal day 1 (PN1). At PN10 these differences were gone; however, on this day males had more mecp2 mRNA than females within the POA. The transient sex difference of mecp2 expression during the steroid-sensitive period of brain development suggests that mecp2 may participate in normal sexual differentiation of the rat brain. Considering the strong link between MeCP2 and neurodevelopmental disorders, the lower levels of mecp2 expression in males may also underlie a biological risk for mecp2-related neural disorders.

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Sex Differences in Fos Protein Expression in the Neonatal Rat Brain

Cited by 34 publications

References 73 publications

Cortical concentrations of metals and protein in the brain of two breeds of goats in Nigeria

Cortical concentrations of metals and protein in the brain of two breeds of goats in Nigeria

Neonatal handling on the first postnatal day leads to increased maternal behavior and fos levels in the brain of the newborn rat

Sex Difference in Mecp2 Expression During a Critical Period of Rat Brain Development

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