Sex differences in the cognitive function of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients: An observational case-control study

Wang, Lu; Xue, Ying; Cao, Song; Xie, Yanjun; Wu, Chujun; Ruffaner-Hanson, Chaselyn D.; Tang, Hui; Teng, Ziwei; Chen, Jindong; Tang, Mimi

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.114

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Females seemed to be more susceptible to stress via the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and leading to abnormal hormone secretion ( Blier & El Mansari, 2013 ; Kolbasi et al, 2021 ; Mainio et al, 2006 ; Zefferino, Di Gioia & Conese, 2021 ). In addition, from the perspective of social psychology, females were more challenged by job and family stress which might aggravate depressive disorder ( Isaksson et al, 2020 ; Maji, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). Generally, women showed higher risk of mood and anxiety disorders (internalizing disorders), meanwhile men showed higher rates of antisocial and substance abuse disorders (externalizing disorders) ( Cavanagh et al, 2017 ; Eaton et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in peripheral monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in chronic stress mice with a depression-like phenotype

Chen

Cai

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Backgrounds Chronic stress could induce depression-like phenotype in animal models. Previous data showed that sex differences exist after chronic stress model establishment, however, the detailed information about the difference of blood biochemical indexes is not clear. In this study, we aim to supply comparison of monoamine transmitters and related hormone markers in serum between male and female depressed mice, and in order to better understand the sex difference in transmitters and hormone levels in depression occurrence and development. Methods Sixty C57BL/6 mice (both male and female) were divided into two groups by gender. Same gender mice were then divided randomly into the non-treated control group and chronic stress group which was exposed to 8 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Depression-like behavior was assessed with open-field test and sucrose preference test. Blood sample was collected and monoamine transmitter and related hormone in serum were measured by ELISA. Results The depression-like phenotype mice model was established successfully after 8 weeks of chronic stress. The locomotion activity scores in male stressed mice declined more than that in female stressed mice, while the exploratory behavior scores in female stressed mice declined more than that in male stressed mice. Compared to non-treated control group mice, mice in the chronic stress group in response to stress showed greater declines in monoamine transmitters (5-HT, dopamine, norepinephrine) and sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, oxytocin and prolactin), while stress hormones (adrenaline, corticosterone and ACTH) were significantly increased. The decrease of norepinephrine, androgen and estrogen in female stressed mice was greater than in male stressed mice, whereas the 5-HT and oxytocin in male stressed mice decreased more than in female stressed mice, and the corticosterone in male stressed mice increased more than in female stressed mice. Conclusion Sex differences of monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in serum occurred in chronic stress induced depression-like phenotype mice model. It may provide a useful reference to guide precise antidepressant treatment in different gender population in clinical care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in peripheral monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in chronic stress mice with a depression-like phenotype

Chen

Cai

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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“…Venlafaxine was given as a therapeutic drug. The participants were excluded from the participants if they meet the following criteria: (1) suffering from other serious somatic diseases or comorbidities; (2) had serious nervous system disease; (3) in accordance with diagnostic standards of other mental illnesses; (4) were taking benzodiazepine every day, and need to be treated by electroconvulsive therapy currently or have received electroconvulsive therapy within the previous 6 months; (5) were pregnant women or lactating women; (6) had an apparent suicide attempt or suicidal behavior; (7) were taking omega-3 fatty acids supplements and eating more than 2 fish meals per week; and (8) any condition or medicines that may have an effect on biomarkers (within 1 week of the screening period or during the whole trial period) (35).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Alleviate Anxiety Rather Than Depressive Symptoms Among First-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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BackgroundOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) augmentation of antidepressants has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of major depressive disorders (MDD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of n-3 PUFAs plus venlafaxine in patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.MethodA total of 72 outpatients with first-diagnosed depression were recruited. The daily dose of 2.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs or placebo plus venlafaxine was used for over 12 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).ResultsBoth groups exhibited improvement on clinical characteristics at week 4 and week 12 compared with baseline. The rate of responders for anxiety in n-3 PUFAs group (44.44%) was significantly higher than that in placebo group (21.21%) at week 4 (χ2 = 4.182, p = 0.041), while week 12 did not show a difference (χ2 = 0.900, p = 0.343). The rate of responders for depression at both week 4 (χ2 = 0.261, p = 0.609) and week 12 (χ2 = 1.443, p = 0.230) showed no significant difference between two groups. Further analysis found that Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) had positive correlation with HAMA (r = 0.301, p = 0.012), SAS (r = 0.246, p = 0.015), HAMD (r = 0.252, p = 0.038) and BDI (r = 0.233, p = 0.022) with Pearson correlation analysis. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) had negative correlation with SAS (r = −0.244, p = 0.015) and BDI (r = −0.365, p = 0.000).ConclusionThis trial found that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in favor of venlafaxine alleviated the anxiety symptoms rather than depressive symptoms at the early stage of treatment (4 weeks) for first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients. However, the advantage disappeared in long-term treatment. Furthermore, childhood abuse and social support are closely related to the clinical and biological characteristics of depression. Both childhood trauma and lack of social support might be predictors of poor prognosis in depression.Clinical Trial Registration[clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03295708].

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“…Older women had more chronic conditions than their male peers; and, older women reported more mental distress than their male peers (Carayanni et al 2012). A case-control study also found that female patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression reported severer cognitive impairments in visuospatial and constructional categories than male patients (Wang et al 2020). New research, therefore, is needed to understand the extent to which the relationship between chronic disease and later-life cognition through the pathway of depression is conditioned by gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do depressive symptoms link chronic diseases to cognition among older adults? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States

Pai

Scholes

et al. 2021

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Sex differences in the cognitive function of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients: An observational case-control study

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Sex differences in peripheral monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in chronic stress mice with a depression-like phenotype

Sex differences in peripheral monoamine transmitter and related hormone levels in chronic stress mice with a depression-like phenotype

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Alleviate Anxiety Rather Than Depressive Symptoms Among First-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Do depressive symptoms link chronic diseases to cognition among older adults? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States

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