Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis

Lynn, Richard; Irwing, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.008

Cited by 291 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(59 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

133

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…meta-analysis in Lynn and Irwing, 2004], they have significantly lower Raven scores (WRS test: z = 3.03, P-val < .01). If anything, they are also more risk averse than men (WRS test: z = 1.93, P-val = .05).…”

Section: Figure 12: Expected Payoffs For Men (M) and Women (W)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive Ability and Games of School Choice

Basteck

Mantovani

2016

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We take school admission mechanisms to the lab to test whether the widely-used manipulable Boston-mechanism disadvantages students of lower cognitive ability and whether this leads to ability segregation across schools. Results show this is the case: lower ability participants receive lower payoffs and are over-represented at the worst school. Under the strategy-proof Deferred Acceptance mechanism, payoff differences are reduced, and ability distributions across schools harmonized. Hence, we find support for the argument that a strategy-proof mechanisms "levels the playing-field". Finally, we document a trade-off between equity and efficiency in that average payoffs are larger under Boston than under Deferred Acceptance.

show abstract

Section: Figure 12: Expected Payoffs For Men (M) and Women (W)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive Ability and Games of School Choice

Basteck

Mantovani

2016

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Two meta-analyses reported that male adult means on general intelligence tests (Raven's Progressive Matrices) are approximately 5 IQ points above female means (Irwing & Lynn, 2005;Lynn & Irwing, 2004). However, other evidence suggests that when measurement controls are exerted and sampling is representative, women perform as well as men on general intelligence, including the Raven's Progressive Matrices (Flynn & Rossi-Case, 2008 Macintosh, 1996), although differences on later measures were eliminated by design (see Ackerman, 2006).…”

Section: General Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations.

Ceci

Williams

Barnett

2009

Psychological Bulletin

808

573

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The underrepresentation of women at the top of math-intensive fields is controversial, with competing claims of biological and sociocultural causation. The authors develop a framework to delineate possible causal pathways and evaluate evidence for each. Biological evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Although cross-cultural and cross-cohort differences suggest a powerful effect of sociocultural context, evidence for specific factors is inconsistent and contradictory. Factors unique to underrepresentation in math-intensive fields include the following: (a) Math-proficient women disproportionately prefer careers in non-math-intensive fields and are more likely to leave math-intensive careers as they advance; (b) more men than women score in the extreme math-proficient range on gatekeeper tests, such as the SAT Mathematics and the Graduate Record Examinations Quantitative Reasoning sections; (c) women with high math competence are disproportionately more likely to have high verbal competence, allowing greater choice of professions; and (d) in some math-intensive fields, women with children are penalized in promotion rates. The evidence indicates that women's preferences, potentially representing both free and constrained choices, constitute the most powerful explanatory factor; a secondary factor is performance on gatekeeper tests, most likely resulting from sociocultural rather than biological causes.Keywords: sex differences, spatial ability, mathematics, family versus career trade-offs, women in science Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014412.supp By 2001, women were earning 48% of bachelor's degrees (National Science Foundation, 2007) and 29% of PhD degrees (Hill & Johnson, 2004) in mathematics, representing enormous increases over the prior 30 years. Women's representation among editorial boards in science and awards panels similarly increased (Nelson & Brammer, 2008). These changes are evidence of the strength of cultural factors in determining such outcomes, because biology has not changed over this period. Despite this progress, women's representation among PhD degree holders has not coincided with proportional faculty appointments: Women earned 31.3% of chemistry PhD degrees between 1993 and 2003 but in 2002 were hired for only 21.5% of assistant professorships. Similar disparities exist for new faculty appointments in physics, engineering, and mathematics. In 1976 women represented only 7.5% of the faculty in physical sciences and less than 1% in engineering (Dearman & Plisko, 1979). By 2006 the percentage had increased to 16%-25%, but the hiring of assistant professors in these fields has not been proportional to female PhD pools. This hiring disparity extends beyond math-intensive fields.Even in less math-intensive fields, such as cellular and molecular biology, fields in which women obtain 46% of all PhD degrees, women disproportionately drop out at multiple points. The picture is the same across many science fields: Women are not being hired as assistant professors at the ra...

show abstract

“…Очень немногие теории сформировались на основе изучения здоровых человеческих существ, таких, которые не столько стараются сохранить свою жизнь, сколько стремятся сделать ее осмысленной» [15,180].…”

Section: содержаниеunclassified

“…Родители принимают, поддерживают своих детей, разносторонне их характеризуют и, в большей части, положительно [15].…”

Section: социально-психологические факторы отношений супругов в матриunclassified

ДРУЖИНИНСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ Сборник Материалов XVI Всероссийской Научно-Практической Конференции Г. Сочи, 26—27 Мая 2017 Г.

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis

Cited by 291 publications

References 55 publications

Cognitive Ability and Games of School Choice

Cognitive Ability and Games of School Choice

Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations.

ДРУЖИНИНСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ Сборник Материалов XVI Всероссийской Научно-Практической Конференции Г. Сочи, 26—27 Мая 2017 Г.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About