Sex, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Barrett’s Esophagus and Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

Sex, racial, and ethnic disparities in the incidence and prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma are well studied. Despite advances in surveillance techniques and multimodality treatment, disparities exist in outcomes with not all populations benefiting proportionately. A deeper understanding of the cause and nature of these disparities could help guide meaningful action toward mitigating these differences. This review focuses on the sex, racial and ethnic differences in the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and delves into the literature on potential causes for the variation in presentation and outcomes.

Disparities in Benign and Malignant Foregut Disease

“…Compared with benign disease, we know more about esophageal cancer disparities including stage at time of diagnosis and rates of intervention and subsequent outcomes. Salami and Rao 4 summarize these areas in their review of sex, racial, and ethnic differences in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Black patients do worse overall than non-Hispanic whites, Asians, and Hispanics.…”