Sex‐specific Responses to Zinc Supplementation in Nouna, Burkina Faso

Garenne, Michel; Becher, Heiko; Ye, Yasome; Kouyate, Bokar; Müller, Olaf

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31802c695e

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some studies have reported positive effect of zinc supplementation on weight gain [6,[29][30][31][32] but some others have not [33][34][35][36][37]. Although some studies have shown different responses from girls and boys to weight gain due to zinc supplementation, but this issue should be supported by further studies [38]. Height increment was more prominent in boys than girls so that the mean of total height increment in PG and ZG for girls were 8.28 and 9.64 cm (P=0.02), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Physical Growth in 2–5-Year-Old Children

Mozaffari‐Khosravi

Shakiba

Eftekhari

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Physical growth disorders in under 5-year-old children are a common health problem in many countries including Iran. The aim of this study was to determine effects of supplemental zinc on physical growth in preschool children with retarded linear growth. This study was a community-based randomized controlled trial on 2-5-year-old children with height-for-age below 25th percentile of National Center for Health Statistics growth chart. Ninety children were randomly assigned in zinc group (ZG) or placebo group (PG). After 6 months of zinc or placebo supplementation, we followed up the children for another 6 months. Anthropometric indicators were measured before the intervention and then monthly for 11 months. Forty children in ZG and 45 in PG concluded the study. Zinc supplementation increased weight gain in boys (P = 0.04) and girls (P = 0.05) compared to placebo but had no significant effect on mid-upper arm circumference increment in either sexes. The most significant (P = 0.001) effect of Zinc supplementation was seen in boys' height increment at the end of follow-up period. Stunted growth rate in ZG changed significantly (P = 0.01) from 26.7% to 2.5% throughout the study. This study showed that daily supplementation of 5 mg elemental zinc for 6 months improves physical growth in terms of height increment and weight gain in children with undesirable linear growth, especially in boys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Physical Growth in 2–5-Year-Old Children

Mozaffari‐Khosravi

Shakiba

Eftekhari

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…A recent study from our group has shown that zinc supplementation combined with glutamine and vitamin A benefit shantytown girls at risk for enteric infections in the verbal learning testing [58]. Another study elsewhere has shown that girls suffering from diarrhea recovered faster than boys after zinc supplementation [59]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc treatment ameliorates diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWHO guidelines recommend zinc supplementation as a key adjunct therapy for childhood diarrhea in developing countries, however zinc’s anti-diarrheal effects remain only partially understood. Recently, it has been recognized that low-grade inflammation may influence stunting. In this study, we examined whether oral zinc supplementation could improve weight, intestinal inflammation, and diarrhea in undernourished weanling rats.MethodsRats were undernourished using a northeastern Brazil regional diet (RBD) for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with a saturated lactose solution (30 g/kg) in the last 7 days to induce osmotic diarrhea. Animals were checked for diarrhea daily after lactose intake. Blood was drawn in order to measure serum zinc levels by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Rats were euthanized to harvest jejunal tissue for histology and cytokine profiles by ELISA. In a subset of animals, spleen samples were harvested under aseptic conditions to quantify bacterial translocation.ResultsOral zinc supplementation increased serum zinc levels following lactose-induced osmotic diarrhea. In undernourished rats, zinc improved weight gain following osmotic diarrhea and significantly reduced diarrheal scores by the third day of lactose intake (p < 0.05), with improved jejunum histology (p < 0.0001). Zinc supplementation diminished bacterial translocation only in lactose-challenged undernourished rats (p = 0.03) compared with the untreated challenged controls and reduced intestinal IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines to control levels.ConclusionAltogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.

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“…For instance, some studies showed that girls are less responsive than boys to zinc therapy for a number of acute infections, not just diarrhea (89). There is also some evidence that certain etiologies for diarrhea might not be zinc responsive, eg, Escherichia coli and rotavirus (90).…”

Section: Zinc Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency in children with environmental enteropathy—development of new strategies: report from an expert workshop

Young¹,

Mortimer²,

Gopalsamy³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Zinc deficiency is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The WHO/UNICEF strategy for zinc supplementation as adjunctive therapy for diarrhea is poorly implemented. A conference of experts in zinc nutrition and gastrointestinal disorders was convened to consider approaches that might complement the current recommendation and what research was needed to develop these approaches. Several key points were identified. The design of novel zinc interventions would be facilitated by a better understanding of how disturbed gut function, such as environmental (or tropical) enteropathy, affects zinc absorption, losses, and homeostasis. Because only 10% of zinc stores are able to be rapidly turned over, and appear to be rapidly depleted by acute intestinal illness, they are probably best maintained by complementary regular supplementation in a primary prevention strategy rather than secondary prevention triggered by acute diarrhea. The assessment of zinc status is challenging and complex without simple, validated measures to facilitate field testing of novel interventions. Zinc bioavailability may be a crucial factor in the success of primary prevention strategies, and a range of options, all still inadequately explored, might be valuable in improving zinc nutrition. Some therapeutic actions of zinc on diarrhea seem attributable to pharmacologic effects, whereas others are related to the reversal of deficiency (ie, nutritional). The distinction between these 2 mechanisms cannot be clarified given the insensitivity of serum zinc to identify subclinical deficiency states. Why zinc seems to be less effective than expected at all ages, and ineffective for secondary prevention of diarrhea in children <12 mo of age, remains unclear. It was concluded that a reframing of the current recommendation is warranted with consideration of how to better optimize and deliver zinc and whether to provide a complementary public health primary prevention zinc strategy. This requires careful consideration of the zinc product to be used as well as strategies for its delivery.

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Sex‐specific Responses to Zinc Supplementation in Nouna, Burkina Faso

Abstract: Zinc supplementation had positive, nil, or negative effects depending on pathological condition, and the effects were different for boys than for girls.

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Physical Growth in 2–5-Year-Old Children

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Physical Growth in 2–5-Year-Old Children

Zinc treatment ameliorates diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats

Zinc deficiency in children with environmental enteropathy—development of new strategies: report from an expert workshop

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