Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background Understanding the sexual and reproductive health practices among university students is crucial due to the transitional phase to adulthood and the potential associated risks. This study aimed to determine sexual and reproductive health practices among university students according to gender, year, and ethnicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 at the University of La Frontera, involving first-year students. The study included 5131 participants, accounting for 58.36% of the total enrolled students. Among the participants, 55.4% were female, and the average age was 18.9 years. Results The study revealed that men engaged in higher levels of sexual activity compared to women, with men initiating sexual intercourse at a significantly younger age. Furthermore, women reported lower condom usage in their last sexual encounter and had a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within the past 12 months. Women also demonstrated a higher frequency of HIV testing, which was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In terms of ethnicity, students identifying as Mapuche displayed a lower proportion of sexual activity compared to those not identifying as Mapuche. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in sexual activity and the prevalence of STIs, potentially reflecting an annual global trend observed in other research studies as well. Moreover, there was an increasing trend in condom use each year, while HIV testing showed a decline, possibly influenced by the pandemic. Conclusions These findings underscore the significance of addressing gender differences, promoting healthy behaviours, and advocating for condom use during sexual encounters. It is essential to implement strategies for STI prevention and encourage regular HIV testing, particularly among high-risk individuals. Additionally, tailored interventions targeting the specific needs of the Mapuche ethnicity should be developed to ensure equitable sexual and reproductive health. The pandemic has significantly impacted sexual activity and sexual health among university students, highlighting the necessity of adapting and reinforcing sexual education and prevention programs in this context.