Shade as enrichment: testing preferences for shelter in two model fish species

Jones, Nick; Spence, Rowena; Jones, Faith A. M.; Spence‐Jones, Helen C.

doi:10.1111/jfb.14129

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Social context may even reduce the requirements for any PE at all. For example, solitarily housed zebrafish may use and gain benefits from structure (Collymore et al ., 2015), but in groups zebrafish showed no preference for PE (Jones et al ., 2019; Kistler et al ., 2011). Certain visual signs of activity of other fish can impact shoaling by zebrafish (Pritchard et al ., 2001) and large amounts of structure in a tank can lead to increased aggression in zebrafish (Woodward et al ., 2019) and other species (Boerrigter et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Towards a More Refined Understanding Of Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS

Jones

Webster

Salvanes

2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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Growing research effort has shown that physical enrichment (PE) can improve fish welfare and research validity. However, the inclusion of PE does not always result in positive effects and conflicting findings have highlighted the many nuances involved. Effects are known to depend on species and life stage tested, but effects may also vary with differences in the specific items used as enrichment between and within studies. Reporting fine‐scale characteristics of items used as enrichment in studies may help to reveal these factors. We conducted a survey of PE‐focused studies published in the last 5 years to examine the current state of methodological reporting. The survey results suggest that some aspects of enrichment are not adequately detailed. For example, the amount and dimensions of objects used as enrichment were frequently omitted. Similarly, the ecological relevance, or other justification, for enrichment items was frequently not made explicit. Focusing on ecologically relevant aspects of PE and increasing the level of detail reported in studies may benefit future work and we propose a framework with the acronym DETAILS (Dimensions, Ecological rationale, Timing of enrichment, Amount, Inputs, Lighting and Social environment). We outline the potential importance of each of the elements of this framework with the hope it may aid in the level of reporting and standardization across studies, ultimately aiding the search for more beneficial types of PE and the development of our understanding and ability to improve the welfare of captive fish and promote more biologically relevant behaviour.

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Section: Towards a More Refined Understanding Of Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS

Jones

Webster

Salvanes

2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…For instance, Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus )—a freshwater fish native to the United States—is anecdotally known to shelter in the shade of trees along banks and indeed displays a strong preference for shaded areas even in the presence of predators 23 . Shade structures are also known to attract marine fish species to mangroves habitats 24 , increase the number of salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in stream channels 25 and increase habitat use by the Three-Spined Stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) 26 and Lake Whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) 27 . The preference for shade is often associated with low predation risk, not only in fish 23 , 25 , but also in birds 28 and rodents 29 , 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preference for shade is often associated with low predation risk, not only in fish 23 , 25 , but also in birds 28 and rodents 29 , 30 . Alternatively, some species such as the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) 26 exhibit no clear preference for shade, while others such as the Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) seem to perceive shade as a risky environment 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shady environments on fish collective behavior

Ribeiro

Acre

Faulkner

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Despite significant efforts devoted to understanding the underlying complexity and emergence of collective movement in animal groups, the role of different external settings on this type of movement remains largely unexplored. Here, by combining time series analysis and complex network tools, we present an extensive investigation of the effects of shady environments on the behavior of a fish species (Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) within earthen ponds. We find that shade encourages fish residence during daylight hours, but the degree of preference for shade varies substantially among trials and ponds. Silver Carp are much slower and exhibit lower persistence in their speeds when under shade than out of it during daytime and nighttime, with fish displaying the highest persistence degree and speeds at night. Furthermore, our research shows that shade affects fish schooling behavior by reducing their polarization, number of interactions among individuals, and the stability among local neighbors; however, fish keep a higher local degree of order when under shade compared to nighttime positions.

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“…Zonghang Zhang et al [16] exposed captive juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii to differing levels of plant and structure enrichment and found that control fish exposed to no enrichment had significantly higher basal stress levels (defined by cortisol level and opercular beat rate). Additionally, studies of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus and gold fish, Carassius auratus, demonstrate that all of these species exhibit a preference for enriched environments that more accurately mimic their natural habitat [52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Habitat Design for Zoo-Housed Elasmobranch and Teleost Fish Species Improves Behavioural Repertoire and Space Use in a Visitor Facing Exhibit

Lawrence

Sherwen

Larsen

2021

Animals

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This study investigated the behaviour of two Elasmobranch species; Southern fiddler ray (Trygonorrhina dumerilii, n = 1) and Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni, n = 4) and two teleost species; moonlighter (Tilodon sexfasciatus, n = 1) and banded morwong (Cheilodactylus spectabilis, n = 1) living within a single enclosure. For this study, two treatments were compared, the original enclosure design, and then after the enclosure had been renovated to more closely represent the species natural habitats, with a raised front viewing glass to prevent visitor interaction. Behaviours such as resting, swimming and abnormal behaviours such as surface and perimeter swimming (elasmobranchs only) were recorded as well as location within the enclosure, for 10 days pre and 10 days post renovation. The Port Jackson sharks significantly reduced the performance of abnormal behaviours after renovation, and significantly increased the time spent near the exhibit front. The Southern fiddler ray increased resting post renovation, while the teleost species also spent more time near the exhibit front. Although a small sample size was used, the results suggest that a more naturalistic environment with multiple micro-habitats and effective visitor barriers allows for a greater proportion of the day spent exhibiting natural behaviours, greater space use and reduced stereotypes.

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Shade as enrichment: testing preferences for shelter in two model fish species

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS

Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS

Effects of shady environments on fish collective behavior

Natural Habitat Design for Zoo-Housed Elasmobranch and Teleost Fish Species Improves Behavioural Repertoire and Space Use in a Visitor Facing Exhibit

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