Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette

Fernández-Milmanda, Guadalupe L; Ballaré, Carlos L.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006

Cited by 96 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…JAZs modulate interplays of JA and light pathways in growth–defense balance (Ballaré, 2014; Fernández‐Milmanda & Ballaré, 2021; Pierik & Ballaré, 2021). Far‐red light inactivates the phyB receptor to repress JA sensitivity via JAZ10 (Cerrudo et al ., 2012; Cargnel et al ., 2014; Leone et al ., 2014; Cerrudo et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional specificity, diversity, and redundancy of Arabidopsis JAZ family repressors in jasmonate and COI1‐regulated growth, development, and defense

et al. 2021

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In response to jasmonates (JAs), the JA receptor Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1) recruits JAzinc-finger inflorescence meristem (ZIM)-domain (JAZ) family repressors for destruction to regulate plant growth, development, and defense. As Arabidopsis encodes 13 JAZ repressors, their functional specificity, diversity, and redundancy in JA/COI1-mediated responses remain unclear.We generated a broad range of jaz mutants based on their phylogenetic relationship to investigate their roles in JA responses. The group I JAZ6 may play an inhibitory role in resistance to Botrytis cinerea, group II (JAZ10)/III (JAZ11/12) in JA-regulated root growth inhibition and susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, and group IV JAZ3/4/9 in flowering time delay and defense against insects. JAZs exhibit high redundancy in apical hook curvature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional specificity, diversity, and redundancy of Arabidopsis JAZ family repressors in jasmonate and COI1‐regulated growth, development, and defense

et al. 2021

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“…In shade, the expression of PAR1 , PAR2 and the LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR RED 1 ( HFR1 ) is induced, factors that encode transcriptional bHLH cofactors that participate in the compensation of excessive hypocotyl elongation during SAS (Roig-Villanova et al, 2007; Bou-Torrent et al, 2008; Hao et al, 2012; Zhou et al, 2014). From these factors, PAR1 interacts with several bHLH proteins that act as positive regulators of SAS such as BEEs, BIMs and PIFs by partially preventing the binding of these transcription factors to LREs of photomorphogenic genes (Roig-Villanova et al, 2006; Cifuentes-Esquivel et al, 2013; Ballaré and Pierik, 2017; Roig-Villanova et al, 2007; Hao et al, 2012; Stange and Flores, 2012; Zhou et al, 2014; Bou-Torrent et al, 2015; Fernández-Milmanda and Ballaré, 2021; Quian-Ulloa and Stange, 2021). Importantly, PAR1 promotes PSY expression under shade (Bou-Torrent et al, 2015) and, of the positive SAS regulators BEEs, BIMs and PIFs, only PIFs participate in repressing PSY expression and carotenoid synthesis in the shade (Toledo-Ortiz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DcPAR1 is Required for Development and Carotenoid Synthesis in the Dark-Grown Carrot Taproot

Arias

Ortega

González

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Light stimulates carotenoid synthesis in plants during photomorphogenesis through the expression of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY), a key gene in carotenoid biosynthesis. The orange Daucus carota (carrot) synthesizes and accumulates high amounts of carotenoids in the taproot that grows underground. Contrary to other organs, light impairs carrot taproot development and represses the expression of carotenogenic genes such as DcPSY1 and DcPSY2 reducing carotenoid accumulation. By means of an RNA-seq, in previous analysis we observed that carrot PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED 1 (DcPAR1) is more expressed in the underground grown taproot respect to those grown in light. PAR1 is a transcriptional cofactor with a negative role in the shade avoidance syndrome regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana through the dimerization with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), allowing a moderate synthesis of carotenoids. Here we show that overexpressing AtPAR1 in carrot produces an increment of carotenoids in taproots grown underground as well as higher DcPSY1 expression. The high identity of AtPAR1 and DcPAR1 let us to suggest a functional role of DcPAR1 that was verified through the in vivo binding to AtPIF7 and the overexpression in Arabidopsis, where it increments AtPSY expression and carotenoid accumulation together with a photomorphogenic phenotype. Finally, DcPAR1 antisense carrot lines presented a dramatic decrease in carotenoids levels and in the relative expression of key carotenogenic genes as well as impairment in taproot development. These results let us to propose that DcPAR1 is a key factor for secondary root development, plastid differentiation and carotenoid synthesis in carrot taproot grown underground.

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“…In shade avoiding plants, changes in plant architecture, defense responses and metabolism are associated with both altered level and sensitivity of various phytohormones as previously reviewed (Yang and Li, 2017;Fernandez-Milmanda and Ballare, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). For example, in Arabidopsis, shade induced stem elongation requires growth promoting hormones: auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs), while shade reduced expression of defense genes that are responsive to jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA).…”

Section: Phytohormones and The Phytochrome A Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Shade Tolerance Responses Through Hints From Phytochrome A-Mediated Negative Feedback Regulation in Shade Avoiding Plants

Chen

Tao

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Based on how plants respond to shade, we typically classify them into two groups: shade avoiding and shade tolerance plants. Under vegetative shade, the shade avoiding species induce a series of shade avoidance responses (SARs) to outgrow their competitors, while the shade tolerance species induce shade tolerance responses (STRs) to increase their survival rates under dense canopy. The molecular mechanism underlying the SARs has been extensively studied using the shade avoiding model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, while little is known about STRs. In Aarabidopsis, there is a PHYA-mediated negative feedback regulation that suppresses exaggerated SARs. Recent studies revealed that in shade tolerance Cardamine hirsuta plants, a hyperactive PHYA was responsible for suppressing shade-induced elongation growth. We propose that similar signaling components may be used by shade avoiding and shade tolerance plants, and different phenotypic outputs may result from differential regulation or altered dynamic properties of these signaling components. In this review, we summarized the role of PHYA and its downstream components in shade responses, which may provide insights into understanding how both types of plants respond to shade.

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Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette

Cited by 96 publications

References 99 publications

Functional specificity, diversity, and redundancy of Arabidopsis JAZ family repressors in jasmonate and COI1‐regulated growth, development, and defense

Functional specificity, diversity, and redundancy of Arabidopsis JAZ family repressors in jasmonate and COI1‐regulated growth, development, and defense

DcPAR1 is Required for Development and Carotenoid Synthesis in the Dark-Grown Carrot Taproot

Understanding the Shade Tolerance Responses Through Hints From Phytochrome A-Mediated Negative Feedback Regulation in Shade Avoiding Plants

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