Shade effect on carbohydrates dynamics and stem strength of soybean genotypes

Hussain, Sajad; Iqbal, Nasır; Rahman, Tanzeelur; Liu, Ting; Brestič, Marián; Safdar, Muhammad Ehsan; Asghar, Muhammad Ahsan; Farooq, Muhammad Umer; Shafiq, Iram; Ali, Asif; Shoaib, Muhammad; Chen, Guopeng; Qin, Sisi; Liu, Weiguo; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.03.011

Cited by 83 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results should be examined further with more levels of PPFD between 100 and 400 µmol m −2 s −1 and measurements of photosynthesis for a better understanding. Earlier studies on soybean found changes in the photosynthetic system [17] and stem carbohydrate concentration as well as composition under low PPFD [21], and changes in carbon export from tomato leaves depending on PPFD and light quality [31].…”

Section: Response To Ppfd and R:frmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Only a few studies have examined the internode diameter response to low R:FR under high PPFD. Hussain et al [21] also found the internode diameter of soybean to decrease mainly as a response to decreased PPFD, but with a tendency toward a decreased diameter under low R:FR and similar results were found for the sunflower [30]. However, as expected, an increase of the length to the diameter ratio under low R:FR was present and the tendency of increased diameter might be a necessary response to stabilize the plant due to the more extreme elongation of the internodes, than in the study of Hussain et al [21].…”

Section: Response To Ppfd and R:frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intercropped soybean leaves had reduced leaf area and mass per area [19] and increased SLA and LAR [16].From field observations, it is difficult to determine the distinct effect from low PPFD and low R:FR. Studies on the distinct effect of decreased R:FR on soybean found elongated petioles, retarded rates of stem elongation [20], increased internode length only of epicotyl and hypocotyl [4], or increased length of the measured internode with no significant change of total stem length [21]. Regarding the effect of R:FR on leaf area, found a decreased leaf area from the four-leaf stage to seed fill, while Pauch et al [20] found an increase or insignificant decrease depending on other growth conditions.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Morphological Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cultivars to Light Intensity and Red to Far-Red Ratio

et al. 2019

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In soybean production, the shade avoidance response can affect yield negatively in both mono-and inter-cropping systems due to increased heterogeneity of the crop and lodging. This is mainly regulated by photoreceptors responding to the ratio between red and far-red light (R:FR) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). In this study, three soybean cultivars were grown under different R:FR and PPFD in a light emitting diode (LED) climate chamber to disentangle the effect of each on morphology and dry matter. Results showed that plant organs were influenced differently and indicated an interaction with the increase in assimilates at high PPFD. Internode elongation was mainly influenced by low PPFD with an additive effect from low R:FR, whereas petiole elongation responded strongly under low R:FR. Hence, petiole elongation can be seen as the main response to the threat of shade (high PPFD and low R:FR) and both petiole and internode elongation as a response to true shade (low PPFD and low R:FR). Interactions between cultivar and light treatment were found for internode length and diameter and leaf mass ratio, which may be unique properties for specific cropping systems.Agronomy 2019, 9, 428 2 of 15 PPFD by recognizing the change in blue light intensity (400-500 nm) associated with changed PPFD [7]. In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, several studies have shown that phytochrome and cryptochrome interact to fine-tune SAR [5,[8][9][10]. Interacting of cryptochrome with Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) under low blue light enhanced the response of petioles [8] and hypocotyl [10] to low R:FR. Not only photoreceptors regulate the SAR, as increased leaf thickness under high PPFD has been found, independent of a blue light level [11] and cryptochrome mutations [12].In crop production, the light environment can change with weed pressure or cropping system. Emerging weeds increase R:FR due to the increased reflection of FR while intercropping reduces both PPFD and R:FR perceived by the shorter crop. The SAR of the crop to the given environment can affect yield negatively e.g., SAR to emerging weeds reduced the yield of mono-cropped soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), due to increased crop heterogeneity [4]. The intercropped soybean is often the shorter crop grown together with a taller crop like maize and a strong elongation response of soybean to the given light environments, which can lead to lodging [13]. Earlier studies showed that soybean shaded by maize had a reduced stem diameter [13,14], root length, aboveground biomass, total root biomass, and root-shoot ratio [14,15] and an increased seedling height [13,14,16]. Additionally, the shaded soybean has increased chlorophyll content and reduced the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll a/b ratio [16,17]. Plants are considered more shade tolerant if they have a high specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf mass ratio (LMR) [18]. Intercropped soybean leaves had reduced leaf area and mass per area [19] and increased SLA and LAR [16].From field ob...

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Section: Response To Ppfd and R:frmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Response To Ppfd and R:frmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Morphological Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cultivars to Light Intensity and Red to Far-Red Ratio

et al. 2019

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“…To cut the new straw of winter wheat and spring barley at the node, 35 to 43 N weaker forces are required compared to cutting at other sections of the straw. Hussain et al [32] analysed morphological properties along with carbohydrate accretion in the stem of various soybean genotypes under variable light atmosphere. In addition, the stem resistance of genotypes varies with variable planting patterns [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Indian Wheat Crop

et al. 2020

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The absence of scalable and economically viable alternatives for managing residues coupled with shorter planting window and growing labour shortages and energy prices requires a sustainable solution for the crop residue management in northern India. As per “Need of the Hour”, the present research work focused on physical, mechanical, and morphological characterizations of wheat, which will help in further design of the low-cost straw combine. For this purpose, two varieties of wheat (HD-2967 and WH-1105) were used for the present study, as these are the prevalent varieties of Haryana state. The straw specimens were collected at harvesting period from a farmer’s field, which is located at a longitude of 75.64 and latitude of 29.15. The physical characterization of the crops was conducted on the basis of diameter, length, and thickness of nodes of straws. In contrast, the mechanical characterizations was performed by calculating the tensile and shear strength of the straws. The morphological analysis was performed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed to analyse the presence of constituting elements of straw. The statistical analysis showed that moisture content in the straw had a significant effect on tensile strength and shear strength.

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“…Root tubers growing under LI conditions were the heaviest, accounting for 24.6% of the root weight, and the root tuber lengths were longer, which might be related to more nutrients in the soil near LI-treated plants. Additionally, under shading conditions, greater dry matter accumulation in the root tubers enhances the supply of plant nutrients and making them more adaptable to the limited light conditions (Husajn et al, 2019). However, in terms of leaf lengths and widths, leaves of HI-treated plants were longer and wider than those of MI-and LI-treated plants, and the first group had slightly higher values than the second group, indicating that light played a role in promoting leaf growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

zhang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

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Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (P N ) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf's shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.

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Shade effect on carbohydrates dynamics and stem strength of soybean genotypes

Cited by 83 publications

References 30 publications

Morphological Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cultivars to Light Intensity and Red to Far-Red Ratio

Morphological Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cultivars to Light Intensity and Red to Far-Red Ratio

Characterization on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Indian Wheat Crop

Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

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