Shallow subsurface detection of buried weathered hydrocarbons using GPR and EMI

Haynie, Kirstie L.; Khan, Shuhab D.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.006

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Studies have shown that submerged oil can be significant and that the vertical distribution of oil in the intertidal zone is also variable and dependent upon hydrodynamic conditions [ 65 ]. A study at a neighboring beach found layers of oil in the intertidal zone extending from depths of 15 to 42 cm [ 66 ]. Given that children’s play activities at beaches include digging, at times to considerable depths, the vertical distribution of oil should be coupled with knowledge of the children play activities to evaluate potential exposures to buried oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment for Children Exposed to Beach Sands Impacted by Oil Spill Chemicals

Black

Welday

Buckley

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Due to changes in the drilling industry, oil spills are impacting large expanses of coastlines, thereby increasing the potential for people to come in contact with oil spill chemicals. The objective of this manuscript was to evaluate the health risk to children who potentially contact beach sands impacted by oil spill chemicals from the Deepwater Horizon disaster. To identify chemicals of concern, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) monitoring data collected during and immediately after the spill were evaluated. This dataset was supplemented with measurements from beach sands and tar balls collected five years after the spill. Of interest is that metals in the sediments were observed at similar levels between the two sampling periods; some differences were observed for metals levels in tar balls. Although PAHs were not observed five years later, there is evidence of weathered-oil oxidative by-products. Comparing chemical concentration data to baseline soil risk levels, three metals (As, Ba, and V) and four PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were found to exceed guideline levels prompting a risk assessment. For acute or sub-chronic exposures, hazard quotients, computed by estimating average expected contact behavior, showed no adverse potential health effects. For cancer, computations using 95% upper confidence limits for contaminant concentrations showed extremely low increased risk in the 10−6 range for oral and dermal exposure from arsenic in sediments and from dermal exposure from benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene in weathered oil. Overall, results suggest that health risks are extremely low, given the limitations of available data. Limitations of this study are associated with the lack of toxicological data for dispersants and oil-spill degradation products. We also recommend studies to collect quantitative information about children’s beach play habits, which are necessary to more accurately assess exposure scenarios and health risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment for Children Exposed to Beach Sands Impacted by Oil Spill Chemicals

Black

Welday

Buckley

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…The EMI measurements collected using a Profiler EMP-400 manufactured by GSSI [57][58][59] with three operative frequencies: 5 KHz, 10 KHz, and 15 KHz. The EMI equipment was calibrated on-site following the procedure outlined by the manufacturer.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading of Localized Information across an Entire 3D Electrical Resistivity Volume via Constrained EMI Inversion Based on a Realistic Prior Distribution

Zaru,

Rossi,

Vacca

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are commonly used to map vast areas quickly and with minimum logistical efforts. Unfortunately, they are often characterized by a very limited number of frequencies and severe ill-posedness. On the other hand, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) approaches are usually considered more reliable; for example, they do not require specific calibration procedures and can be easily inverted in 2D/3D. However, ERT surveys are, by far, more demanding and time consuming, allowing for the deployment of a few acquisition lines per day. Ideally, the optimal would be to have the advantages of both approaches: ease of acquisition while keeping robustness and reliability. The present work raises from the necessity to cope with this issue and from the importance of enforcing realistic constraints to the data inversion without being limited to (over)simplistic spatial constraints (for example, characterizing the smooth and/or sharp regularization). Accordingly, the present research demonstrates, by means of synthetic and field data, how the EMI inversion—based on realistic prior models—can be further enhanced by incorporating additional pre-existing pieces of information. While the proposed scheme is quite general, in the specific examples discussed here, these additional pieces of information are, respectively, a reference model along a line across the survey area, and an ERT section. The field EMI results were verified against extensive ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and boreholes.

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“…Geophysical tools are one other valuable option for the description of the quality of soils. This technology is non-invasive, non-destructive, and has excellent spatio-temporal resolution (e.g., [22][23][24]), and can provide valuable information on the characteristics of the subsoil, including its lithology, stratigraphy, bedrock, water table, and the presence of depressions, faults, and fractures (e.g., [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]).…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data were also edited, with spatial resampling and interpolation being applied to the traces. The data processing involved the following steps (e.g., [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][61][62][63][64]): static correction of zero-time, gain, time filtering (1D), and spatial filtering (2D), that is, background removal and moving average trace subtraction. The hyperbole overlap method was used for the time-depth conversion, by obtaining a propagation velocity of 0.092 m/ns.…”

Section: Standard Penetration Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic (EM34-3) Geophysical Tools and Sedimentology for the Evaluation of the Subsurface of Sites Earmarked for Aquaculture Ponds in the Amazon Region of Northern Brazil

Pena,

Oliva,

Abrunhosa

2023

Applied Sciences

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The present study evaluated the application of Ground Penetrating Radar and Electromagnetic Induction geophysical tools combined with sedimentology for the description of the subsurface of sites destined for the installation of ponds for an extensive freshwater fish farming system. Two areas with similar topographic characteristics (flat land near bodies of water) were investigated in the Amazon region of northern Brazil: Area 1—the future site of an aquaculture research center, and Area 2—an established fish farming operation. These tools performed well in the evaluation of the suitability of the terrain for the installation of aquaculture ponds. The application of these tools can, thus, be recommended for aquaculture projects, given that it provides advanced knowledge on the characteristics of the local soils, which is extremely important to guarantee the sustainability of any aquaculture operation. These data can help minimize the environmental impacts of the process, while maximizing the economic returns to the installation of an aquaculture operation.

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Shallow subsurface detection of buried weathered hydrocarbons using GPR and EMI

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Risk Assessment for Children Exposed to Beach Sands Impacted by Oil Spill Chemicals

Risk Assessment for Children Exposed to Beach Sands Impacted by Oil Spill Chemicals

Spreading of Localized Information across an Entire 3D Electrical Resistivity Volume via Constrained EMI Inversion Based on a Realistic Prior Distribution

Application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic (EM34-3) Geophysical Tools and Sedimentology for the Evaluation of the Subsurface of Sites Earmarked for Aquaculture Ponds in the Amazon Region of Northern Brazil

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