Shame and Alienation in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

Abstract

This article explores Sartre's concept of shame and alienation in Kafka's The Metamorphosis through the portrayal of the protagonist. By focusing on the interpretation of the characteristics of Gregor Samsa through New Criticism approach, this article reveals that shame and alienation may occur when a person realizes that one is judged by others and sees oneself through the eyes of others. This way of looking at one's identity is problematic because it creates complexity within the existence of the self. Through his fantastical transformation into an insect, Gregor cannot help but see himself from his family's point of view. Instead of fighting for himself, he is made to believe that he deserves to be alienated. From the analysis of the protagonist, it is revealed that his being selfless and dutiful in a way trigger the shame and alienation that result in his submission to death.

Gregor Samsa’s Self Alienation in Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis: Lacanian Psychoanalysis

“…Gregor elevates society above himself, reverting to the exploited laborer he used to be. The Lacanian triangle and the Freudian super-ego are viewed in this way (Burnham, 2021;Minar & Sutandio, 2017).…”

“…One factor that contributes to alienation is the relationship between social structure and personality. Because there is a conflict between his social role or setting, such as his qualities, self-image, values, goals, and needs, the individual has a negative or disillusioned reaction (Barfi et al, 2013;Harvey, 2018;LUO, 2021;Minar & Sutandio, 2017;Wegner, 1975). Many great writers regard alienation as a societal sickness, a condition that contributes to human life's bitterness and dissatisfaction.…”

“…The study looked at how separation affects those who have lost their sense of self and moral principles as a result of their alienation from society (Alkhafaji, 2020). Minar & Sutandio (2017) published a journal titled "Shame and Alienation in Kafka's The Metamorphosis. "…”

An Analysis of Change Reasons in Grete from The Metamorphosis—Alienation in Particular with Contrast to Marian from The Edible Woman

“…Besides this study, other studies chiefly focused on the protagonist Gregor by using various concepts. Minar and Sutandio (2017) studied the relationship of shame and alienation, and Cecile Rozuel (2014) argued the moral reflection of The Metamorphosis in modern working organizations. Sasani and Arjmandi (2015) illustrated the theme of gender and body, social norm imprints and the search for woman identity in The Edible Woman, whereas Hobgood (2002) manifested that the author's intention of emphasizing the nature of capitalist system by construction of a paranoid and schizophrenic character.…”