ShaneAO: wide science spectrum adaptive optics system for the Lick Observatory

Gavel, Donald T.; Kupke, Renate; Dillon, Daren; Norton, Andrew; Ratliff, Chris; Cabak, Jerry; Phillips, Andrew C.; Rockosi, C. M.; McGurk, Rosalie; Srinath, Srikar; Peck, M. C.; Deich, William T. S.; Lanclos, Kyle; Gates, J.V.; Saylor, Michael; Ward, Jim; Pfister, Terry

doi:10.1117/12.2055256

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We undertook a uniform imaging survey of our stellar sample using the ShaneAO system at the Lick Observatory 3 m Shane Telescope (Gavel et al 2014). We obtained follow-up data for suspected companions using ShaneAO and PHARO behind the AO system at the 200″ Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory (Hayward et al 2001).…”

Section: Ao Imaging Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc

Hirsch

Rosenthal

Fulton

et al. 2021

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We explore the impact of outer stellar companions on the occurrence rate of giant planets detected with radial velocities. We searched for stellar and planetary companions to a volume-limited sample of solar-type stars within 25 pc. Using adaptive optics imaging observations from the Lick 3 m and Palomar 200″ Telescopes, we characterized the multiplicity of our sample stars, down to the bottom of the main sequence. With these data, we confirm field star multiplicity statistics from previous surveys. We additionally combined three decades of radial velocity (RV) data from the California Planet Search with newly collected RV data from Keck/HIRES and the Automated Planet Finder/Levy Spectrometer to search for planetary companions in these same systems. Using an updated catalog of both stellar and planetary companions, as well as detailed injection/recovery tests to determine our sensitivity and completeness, we measured the occurrence rate of planets among the single-and multiple-star systems. We found that planets with masses in the range of 0.1-10 M J and with semimajor axes of 0.1-10 au have an occurrence rate of -+ 0.18 0.03 0.04 planets per star when they orbit single stars and an occurrence rate of 0.12 ± 0.04 planets per star when they orbit a star in a binary system. Breaking the sample down by the binary separation, we found that only one planet-hosting binary system had a binary separation <100 au, and none had a separation <50 au. These numbers yielded planet occurrence rates of -+ 0.20 0.06 0.07 planets per star for binaries with separation a B > 100 au and -+ 0.04 0.02 0.04 planets per star for binaries with separation a B < 100 au. The similarity in the planet occurrence rate around single stars and wide primaries implies that wide binary systems should actually host more planets than single-star systems, since they have more potential host stars. We estimated a system-wide planet occurrence rate of 0.3 planets per wide binary system for binaries with separations a B > 100 au. Finally, we found evidence that giant planets in binary systems have a different semimajor-axis distribution than their counterparts in single-star systems. The planets in the single-star sample had a significantly higher occurrence rate outside of 1 au than inside 1 au by nearly 4σ, in line with expectations that giant planets are most common near the snow line. However, the planets in the wide binary systems did not follow this distribution, but rather had equivalent occurrence rates interior and exterior to 1 au. This may point to binary-mediated planet migration acting on our sample, even in binaries wider than 100 au.

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Section: Ao Imaging Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc

Hirsch

Rosenthal

Fulton

et al. 2021

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“…Observations on the J and K bands for EPIC 246067459 ( Figure 3) were taken on August 30, 2017, using the ShaneAO (Gavel et al 2014) at the Lick 3-m Shane Telescope. A PSF of 0.328" and 0.236" were obtained for the J and K bands, respectively.…”

Section: High-resolution Ao Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

K2-237 b and K2-238 b: discovery and characterization of two new transiting hot Jupiters from K2

Soto

Díaz

Jenkins

et al. 2018

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We report the discovery of two hot Jupiters orbiting the stars EPIC229426032 and EPIC246067459. We used photometric data from Campaign 11 and 12 of the Kepler K2 Mission and radial velocity data obtained using the HARPS, FEROS, and CORALIE spectrographs. EPIC229426032 b and EPIC246067459 b have masses of 1.60 +0.11 −0.11 and 0.86 +0.13 −0.12 M Jup , radii of 1.65 +0.07 −0.08 and 1.30 +0.15 −0.14 R Jup , and are orbiting their host stars in 2.18 and 3.20-day orbits, respectively. The large radius of EPIC229426032 b leads us to conclude that this candidate corresponds to a highly inflated hot Jupiter. EPIC2460674559 b has a radius consistent with theoretical models, considering the high incident flux falling on the planet. We consider EPIC229426032 b to be a excellent system for follow-up studies, since not only is it very inflated, but it also orbits a relatively bright star (V = 11.6).

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“…LGSAO [6,7] Lijang 1.8-m Telescope LGS-AOS [65] Shane 3-m Telescope ShaneAO [66,67] Subaru AO188 [13,14] VLT (UT4) 4LGSF [16,20] VLT (UT4) PARLA [15] Thirty Meter Telescope…”

Section: Telescopementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Implications of Laser-Induced Raman Scattering at Astronomical Observatories

et al. 2017

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Laser guide stars employed at astronomical observatories provide artificial wavefront reference sources to help correct (in part) the impact of atmospheric turbulence on astrophysical observations. Following the recent commissioning of the 4 Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF) on the Unit Telescope 4 (UT4) of the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we characterize the spectral signature of the uplink beams from the 22 W lasers to assess the impact of laser scattering from the 4LGSF on science observations. We use the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) optical integral field spectrograph mounted on the Nasmyth B focus of UT4 to acquire spectra at a resolution of R ∼ =3000 of the uplink laser beams over the wavelength range of 4750Å → 9350Å. We report the first detection of laser-induced Raman scattering by N2, O2, CO2, H2O and (tentatively) CH4 molecules in the atmosphere above the astronomical observatory of Cerro Paranal. In particular, our observations reveal the characteristic spectral signature of laser photons -but 480Å to 2210Å redder than the original laser wavelength of 5889.959Å -landing on the 8.2m primary mirror of UT4 after being Raman-scattered on their way up to the sodium layer. Laser-induced Raman scattering, a phenomenon not usually discussed in the astronomical context, is not unique to the observatory of Cerro Paranal, but common to any astronomical telescope employing a laser-guide-star (LGS) system. It is thus essential for any optical spectrograph coupled to a LGS system to handle thoroughly the possibility of a Raman spectral contamination via a proper baffling of the instrument and suitable calibrations procedures. These considerations are particularly applicable for the HARMONI optical spectrograph on the upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). At sites hosting multiple telescopes, laser collision prediction tools also ought to account for the presence of Raman emission from the uplink laser beam(s) to avoid the unintentional contamination of observations acquired with telescopes in the vicinity of a LGS system.Popular summary: Atmospheric turbulence strongly affects the sharpness of astronomical observations from the ground. Specially-equipped telescopes (and their associated instruments) can reduce this effect by directing lasers up into the sky, causing sodium atoms in the upper atmosphere to glow. Deformable mirrors can then use these "artificial guide stars" to help correct for the impact of turbulence on observations.Four such lasers were recently installed at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Cerro Paranal in Chile. For the first time, we characterized the astronomical consequences of laser-induced inelastic Raman scattering, a process through which the laser photons lose energy by exciting air molecules. This isa possible source of contamination for astrophysical observations, appearing in the data as complex groups of emission lines.We used the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectrograph -an instrument that obtains a spectrum for each pixel of an image in a...

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ShaneAO: wide science spectrum adaptive optics system for the Lick Observatory

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc

Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc

K2-237 b and K2-238 b: discovery and characterization of two new transiting hot Jupiters from K2

Detection and Implications of Laser-Induced Raman Scattering at Astronomical Observatories

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