“…However, replicating reconfigurability in the sense of an FPGA is difficult in the microwave frequency domain because in addition to guiding the steady state flow of a signal like an FPGA, the time-varying electromagnetic (EM) field on a high-frequency device needs to be redistributed in space on demand for impedance matching and EM coupling purposes. Current studies of reconfigurable microwave passive devices largely focus on the reconfigurability of a specific performance metric, such as frequency reconfigurability ( Yang et al., 2020 ; Sumana et al., 2021 ; Chen and Chu, 2016 ), bandwidth reconfigurability ( Maragheh et al., 2019 ; Song et al., 2019 ), polarization reconfiguration ( Anantha et al., 2017 ; Li et al., 2020 ), radiation pattern reconfigurability ( Prakash et al., 2021 ; Zainarry et al., 2018 ; Boukarkar et al., 2018 ), etc., while functional reconfiguration is seldom reported.…”