Shape recovery and mechanical properties investigation of carbon fiber dispersed bisphenol-A based epoxy composite

Yadav, Avadesh; Kumar, Sachin; Das, Subhadeep; Kumar, Satish; Kumar, Abhishek

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aceb27

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The polymer samples had a 100% RR, indicating that they could return to the original length, and a 100% SF, indicating that they would not shrink once the load had been removed. These values are identical to those of shape-memory vitrimers synthesized from AESO [ 47 , 48 ] and similar to those of bisphenol A-based dual-cured polymers, which are above 95% [ 20 , 21 ]. Due to their thermo-responsive shape-memory properties, dual-cured polymers of vegetable oils are appropriate for a wide range of applications, such as electronics, biomedical devices, robotics, etc.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Such dual-cured polymers have already been applied as dental materials, optical lenses, and SMPs [ 8 ]. Petroleum-based materials, such as those containing the bisphenol A fragment, are usually used for dual-curing reactions [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and shape-memory applications [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Bisphenol A, on the other hand, is believed to contribute to metabolic and endocrine disorders and water pollution [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils

Petrauskas,

Grauzeliene,

Ostrauskaite

2023

Materials

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The development of thermo-responsive shape-memory polymers has attracted attention due to their ability to undergo reversible deformations based on temperature changes. Vegetable oils are confirmed to be an excellent biorenewable source of starting materials for the synthesis of polymers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to synthesize thermo-responsive shape-memory polymers based on vegetable oils by using the dual-curing technique and obtaining polymers with tailorable properties. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and two epoxidized vegetable oils, linseed oil and camelina oil, were chosen for dual curing with m-xylylenediamine. Rheological tests were used to analyze the curing kinetics of systems undergoing radical photopolymerization, thermal cationic polymerization, and dual-curing processes. The rheological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the polymers were enhanced by the second curing stage. Dual-cured vegetable oil-based polymers had shape-memory properties with a recovery ratio of 100%, making them suitable for a variety of applications, including electronics, biomedical devices, and robotics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils

Petrauskas,

Grauzeliene,

Ostrauskaite

2023

Materials

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“…Smallsized composite samples were fabricated for the shape memory testing, with dimensions measuring 50 mm × 10 mm × 0.5 mm, which are thinner than the samples employed in our previous study [26]. These thin strip composites were cast to carry out the shape memory experiments.…”

Section: Shape Memory Testing (U-bend Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that shape memory actuators were made from SMPC comprising of carbon nanotubes [3], carbon black (CB) [23], thermosexpanded graphite [24], and magnetite [25], etc. The fillers, when dispersed in the SMP, enhances the mechanical properties such as modulus, strength, and recovery stress [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the 1980s, there was a surge in the number of studies that were published on SMP [10,16]. Recent studies have shown that the mechanical properties and shape memory characteristics of pristine polymer can be enhanced by incorporating various types of fillers [26,[28][29][30]. Gunes et al examined the influence of CB on polyurethane and found that the shape memory characteristics of SMPC begin to deteriorate at a concentration of 3 wt.%, with brittleness causing complete destruction at 5 wt.% [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dual dispersion of carbon fiber and silica nanoparticles on recovery performance of shape memory epoxy

Yadav,

Das,

Badardinni

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Shape memory polymers (SMP) are utilized in diverse fields, including deployable structures and components, owing to their advantageous properties like low density, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing. The current study investigates the effect of dual dispersion of carbon fibers (CF) and silica nanoparticles (SN) on the recovery performance of shape memory epoxy composites. CF (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, SN (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, and dual (CF and SN 0.25 wt.% each) dispersed epoxy composite were developed using magnetic stirring and ultrasonic mixing to study the mechanical properties and shape memory behaviour. Flexural strength, tensile strength and fracture toughness of pristine epoxy was found to be 134.38 MPa, 52.15 MPa and 1.91 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. The addition of CF resulted in a flexural strength of 135.70 MPa and a tensile strength of 53.01 MPa, while the incorporation of SN led to a flexural and tensile strength of 138.40 MPa and 53.69 MPa, respectively. The fracture toughness of composites after adding CF and SN was found to be 2.22 MPa∙m1/2 and 2.39 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. With dual dispersion, the flexural strength of 139.82 MPa, tensile strength of 54.64 MPa, and fracture toughness of 2.75 MPa∙m1/2 were achieved. Dual dispersion has shown improved mechanical properties compared to single dispersion. The introduction of CF slightly decreased the shape fixity ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) of the pristine epoxy from 98.67% and 96.62% to 96.67% and 95.15%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of SN further reduced these ratios to 98.00% and 91.83%, respectively. With a dual dispersion approach Rf and Rr were observed to be about 97.33% and 93.83%, respectively. The addition of fillers led to a reduction in Rf and Rr due to inhibition of polymeric chains, resulting in partial shape recovery. However, recovery time improved from 28 s to 23 s and 26 s with addition of CF and SN, respectively, in epoxy. With dual dispersion, a speedy recovery was achieved with a recovery time of 21 s. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of dual dispersed fillers to improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of epoxy, which could find applications in the smart materials and structural engineering.

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Nanomaterials in 4D Printing: Expanding the Frontiers of Advanced Manufacturing

Guo,

Cui,

Agarwal

et al. 2024

Small

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As an innovative technology, four‐dimentional (4D) printing is built upon the principles of three‐dimentional (3D) printing with an additional dimension: time. While traditional 3D printing creates static objects, 4D printing generates “responsive 3D printed structures”, enabling them to transform or self‐assemble in response to external stimuli. Due to the dynamic nature, 4D printing has demonstrated tremendous potential in a range of industries, encompassing aerospace, healthcare, and intelligent devices. Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention owing to the exceptional properties and functions of nanomaterials. Incorporating nanomaterials into an intelligent matrix enhances the physiochemical properties of 4D printed constructs, introducing novel functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current applications of nanomaterials in 4D printing, exploring their synergistic potential to create dynamic and responsive structures. Nanomaterials play diverse roles as rheology modifiers, mechanical enhancers, function introducers, and more. The overarching goal of this review is to inspire researchers to delve into the vast potential of nanomaterial‐enabled 4D printing, propelling advancements in this rapidly evolving field.

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Shape recovery and mechanical properties investigation of carbon fiber dispersed bisphenol-A based epoxy composite

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils

Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils

Effect of dual dispersion of carbon fiber and silica nanoparticles on recovery performance of shape memory epoxy

Nanomaterials in 4D Printing: Expanding the Frontiers of Advanced Manufacturing

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