Shaping behaviors through social experience and their proposed sensitivity to stress

Abstract

Mammals have evolved with a range of innate drives, such as thirst and hunger, that promote motivated behaviors to ensure survival. A drive for social engagement promotes social interaction and bond formation. While a stable social environment maintains the opportunity for resource sharing and protection, an additional benefit is provided by the social transmission of information. Social experiences, and information obtained from conspecifics, can be used to learn about threats and opportunities in the environment. This review examines the primary forms of social learning and how they can shape behavior. Additionally, while there is much known about the effects of stress on learning and memory, there is much less known about its effects on social learning and memory. This review will therefore dissect the major factors that contribute to social learning and propose how stress may impact these factors. This may serve as a way to formulate new hypotheses about how stress might impact social learning and the effects of social experiences on behavior.