“…First, our findings are consistent with studies that show more collectivist and complex care structures among Latinos and across Latin America, although there are clear differences among countries, across social classes, between women and men, and across immigrant generations (Sotomayor 1992, Vega 1995, Delgado and Tennstedt 1997a,b, Wilmoth 2001, Beyene et al 2002, Pelaez and Martinez 2002, Aranda 2003, Pelaez 2005, Parra-Cardona et al 2008. There is substantial empirical evidence that these similar care structures and networks are rooted in common cultural values of familism, respect for older adults, and social and moral obligations to support and care for family members, especially older and ill parents (Cox and Monk 1993, Cortes 1995, Clark and Huttlinger 1998, Montoro Rodriguez and Kosloski 1998, Lugo Steidel and Contreras 2003, Ramos 2004, Neary and Mahoney 2005, Borrayo et al 2007, Kao et al 2007, Parra-Cardona et al 2008, Wells et al 2008. Although Puerto Ricans are US citizens, Puerto Rican culture and geographic mobility mirror that of Latino immigrants to the USA.…”