Shared Triggering Mechanisms of Retinal Regeneration in Lower Vertebrates and Retinal Rescue in Higher Ones

Grigoryan, E. N.

doi:10.5772/25883

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The same has been repeatedly observed in subsequent experiments, particularly in 3D RPE tissue cultures [59]. Comparing this ability in the RPE of adult newts and albino rats cultured in vitro under similar conditions, we found that cells of the rat RPE also could detach from the layer and convert into melanophages, but the number of such cells was far smaller than in newts [8,59]. Melanophages perform the basic function of RPE cells, i.e., internalization and digestion of the shed outer segments of photoreceptors, and the phenomenon of cell conversion in this case cannot be interpreted as transdifferentiation.…”

Section: Competence Of Adult Newt Rpe Cells For Differentiation Insupporting

confidence: 82%

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Cellular and Molecular Preconditions for Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Natural Reprogramming during Retinal Regeneration in Urodela

Grigoryan

Markitantova

2016

Biomedicines

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Many regeneration processes in animals are based on the phenomenon of cell reprogramming followed by proliferation and differentiation in a different specialization direction. An insight into what makes natural (in vivo) cell reprogramming possible can help to solve a number of biomedical problems. In particular, the first problem is to reveal the intrinsic properties of the cells that are necessary and sufficient for reprogramming; the second, to evaluate these properties and, on this basis, to reveal potential endogenous sources for cell substitution in damaged tissues; and the third, to use the acquired data for developing approaches to in vitro cell reprogramming in order to obtain a cell reserve for damaged tissue repair. Normal cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in newts (Urodela) can change their specialization and transform into retinal neurons and ganglion cells (i.e., actualize their retinogenic potential). Therefore, they can serve as a model that provides the possibility to identify factors of the initial competence of vertebrate cells for reprogramming in vivo. This review deals mainly with the endogenous properties of native newt RPE cells themselves and, to a lesser extent, with exogenous mechanisms regulating the process of reprogramming, which are actively discussed.

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Section: Competence Of Adult Newt Rpe Cells For Differentiation Insupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This process in the newt is initiated by detachment of photoreceptor outer segments from the apical RPE cell processes [8]. The tension of the RPE layer decreases, its attachment to the underlying Bruch’s membrane is weakened and eventually lost, and some cells come loose.…”

Section: Regeneration Of Neural Retina (Nr) From Retinal Pigmentedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Preconditions for Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Natural Reprogramming during Retinal Regeneration in Urodela

Grigoryan

Markitantova

2016

Biomedicines

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“…The adult P. waltlii Michan newt is one of the clas sical objects for the study of retina regeneration (Mitashov, 1997;Grigoryan, 2012). Previously, we demonstrated the expression of the fgf2 gene (together with the genes encoding a number of transcription fac tors) in tissues of the P. waltl newt eye normally and at relatively late stages of the retina regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

FGF2 signaling pathway components in tissues of the posterior eye sector in the adult newt Pleurodeles waltl

Markitantova¹,

Avdonin²,

Grigoryan³

2014

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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The FGF2 signaling pathway components in tissues of the posterior wall in the normal and regen erating eye of the adult Pleurodeles waltl newt were detected for the first time. The fgf2 gene expression was found in the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A high homology of the mRNA nucleotide sequence of the most conservative fgf2 gene region in the P. waltl with the fgf2 orthologs in other vertebrates was proved. The Fgf2 protein amino acid sequence of the P. waltl newt dem onstrates even more homology with this growth factor in other vertebrates. The Fgf2 protein with a molecular weight 35 kDa was found in the studied eye tissues using Western blot hybridization. Localization of the Fgf2 protein and its Fgfr receptors was immunohistochemically studied in the pigment epithelium, choroid, cen tral and growth retina regions of the newt native eye, and in the connective cilium of photoreceptors. Using real time PCR and immunohistochemistry methods, it was found that the fgf2 gene down regulation and a decrease in the intensity of the immunochemical reaction of its protein product (Fgf2) occur in the early period after the retina removal (in 4-8 days) (as compared with those in the same department of the unoper ated eye).

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“…The subject of our long-term research has been the Urodela’s unique ability to regenerate the retina damaged in different ways (detachment, cutting of the optic nerve and blood vessels) and even after surgical removal [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], as shown in Figure 2 . What are the properties of the cell sources for retinal regeneration associated with the unique regeneration ability in salamanders?…”

Section: Specifics Of Eye and Brain Tissues And Their Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Natural Longlife Juvenility and Tissue Regeneration in Caudate Amphibians and Potential Application of Resulting Data in Biomedicine

Grigoryan

2021

JDB

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The review considers the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ontogenetic properties of Urodela that exhibit the highest regenerative abilities among tetrapods. The genome specifics and the expression of genes associated with cell plasticity are analyzed. The simplification of tissue structure is shown using the examples of the sensory retina and brain in mature Urodela. Cells of these and some other tissues are ready to initiate proliferation and manifest the plasticity of their phenotype as well as the correct integration into the pre-existing or de novo forming tissue structure. Without excluding other factors that determine regeneration, the pedomorphosis and juvenile properties, identified on different levels of Urodele amphibians, are assumed to be the main explanation for their high regenerative abilities. These properties, being fundamental for tissue regeneration, have been lost by amniotes. Experiments aimed at mammalian cell rejuvenation currently use various approaches. They include, in particular, methods that use secretomes from regenerating tissues of caudate amphibians and fish for inducing regenerative responses of cells. Such an approach, along with those developed on the basis of knowledge about the molecular and genetic nature and age dependence of regeneration, may become one more step in the development of regenerative medicine

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Shared Triggering Mechanisms of Retinal Regeneration in Lower Vertebrates and Retinal Rescue in Higher Ones

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Cellular and Molecular Preconditions for Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Natural Reprogramming during Retinal Regeneration in Urodela

Cellular and Molecular Preconditions for Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Natural Reprogramming during Retinal Regeneration in Urodela

FGF2 signaling pathway components in tissues of the posterior eye sector in the adult newt Pleurodeles waltl

Study of Natural Longlife Juvenility and Tissue Regeneration in Caudate Amphibians and Potential Application of Resulting Data in Biomedicine

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