Shechtman’s three question marks: possibility, impossibility, and quasicrystals

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

“…For instance, as a psychological subject the person called James Joyce was a singular being. In a substantial sense 1 These assumptions are established, explained, and elaborated in a special possibilist metaphysical theory called "panenmentalism" (Gilead 1999(Gilead , 2003(Gilead , 2005(Gilead , 2009(Gilead , 2010(Gilead , 2011(Gilead , 2013a(Gilead , and 2013b). Yet, in this paper, they are discussed independently of this metaphysics, which may appear to leave them somewhat unsupported by extensive and detailed arguments.…”

“…Panenmentalism is a metaphysical theory about individual pure possibilities and their actualities (Gilead 1999(Gilead , 2003(Gilead , 2005(Gilead , 2009(Gilead , 2010(Gilead , 2011(Gilead , 2013a(Gilead , and 2013b The combination actual-physical requires some explanation.…”

Stanley Milgram’s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience

“…In contrast, an actualist view-according to which nothing but the actual exists-as this view is also deterministic (e.g., Spinoza's philosophy), it is not compatible with free choice and with free will. As panenmentalism defends the possibilities of free will and free choice, moral responsibility gains a strong support theory conveys to natural sciences, see Gilead, 2013;2014a;2014b;2015a;2015b;and 2016. from panenmentalism, according to which the possibilities that we did not choose are no less real than the ones we did. Thus, we normally enjoy a real free choice between real possibilities.…”

“…In various publications of (Gilead, 2013;2014a;2014b;2015a;2015b), he has referred to some of these amazing, sometimes even shocking or tragic, phenomena. The dogmatically harsh reaction of Pauling to Shechtman's discovery of quasi-crystals ("There are no quasi-crystals, there are quasi-scientists!")…”

“…The dogmatically harsh reaction of Pauling to Shechtman's discovery of quasi-crystals ("There are no quasi-crystals, there are quasi-scientists!") (Gilead, 2013) is a most notorious example. Whenever, owing to dogmatic attitudes, for instance, vital pure possibilities have been excluded, scientists could not recognize, study, or understand the actual phenomena that they encountered.…”