Sheep urine patch N2O emissions are lower from extensively-managed than intensively-managed grasslands

Marsden, Karina A.; Holmberg, J. Anders; Jones, Davey L.; Chadwick, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.025

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Since differing experimental results from those of real urine have been recorded with synthetic urine mixtures e.g. 5 , 9 , 11 , freeze-drying urine to generate a mixed sample at various concentration levels may have advantages over corresponding artificial mixtures in terms of assessing urine-derived soil gas emissions. In addition, this approach may be suitable for investigating the effect of urine N concentration on N 2 O emissions for the development of country specific N 2 O emission factors, for which the use of natural urine under field conditions has been recommended 17 , although recently, artificial urine has been used 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enabled investigation of a concentration effect on the lyophilisation of urine and bulked urine samples are more representative of those usually applied in other experiments e.g. 11 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fails to capture the full complement of natural compounds/elements and may be missing minor biologically active soil microbial enhancers or inhibitors), and subsequent experimental results can differ from those of real urine e.g. 5 , 9 , 11 . Experiments involving natural urine are therefore advocated 17 and are sometimes necessary, even if only to confirm that results from synthetic mixtures adequately represent those from natural urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Charteris

Marsden

Evans

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In grazing systems, urine patches deposited by livestock are hotspots of nutrient cycling and the most important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Studies of the effects of urine deposition, including, for example, the determination of country-specific N2O emission factors, require natural urine for use in experiments and face challenges obtaining urine of the same composition, but of differing concentrations. Yet, few studies have explored the importance of storage conditions and processing of ruminant urine for use in subsequent gaseous emission experiments. We conducted three experiments with sheep urine to determine optimal storage conditions and whether partial freeze-drying could be used to concentrate the urine, while maintaining the constituent profile and the subsequent urine-derived gaseous emission response once applied to soil. We concluded that filtering of urine prior to storage, and storage at − 20 °C best maintains the nitrogen-containing constituent profile of sheep urine samples. In addition, based on the 14 urine chemical components determined in this study, partial lyophilisation of sheep urine to a concentrate represents a suitable approach to maintain the constituent profile at a higher overall concentration and does not alter sheep urine-derived soil gaseous emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Charteris

Marsden

Evans

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The modified system, which we call the “Queensland” system, is now produced by Queensland University of Technology (Brisbane, Australia) in collaboration with Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Garmisch, Germany) (Figure 2). This system has been deployed in the United States at Michigan State University (Ruan & Robertson, 2017), Kansas State University, and the USDA (Idaho), Chile (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias [INIA]) (Hube et al., 2016), India (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics [ICRISAT]), Brazil (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária [EMBRAPA]), and the United Kingdom (Marsden, Holmberg, Jones, & Chadwick, 2018; Marsden et al., 2019).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Sample Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Considerations for automated flux measurement

et al. 2020

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Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions are highly episodic in response to nitrogen additions and changes in soil moisture. Automated gas sampling provides the necessary high temporal frequency to capture these emission events in real time, ensuring the development of accurate N 2 O inventories and effective mitigation strategies to reduce global warming. This paper outlines the design and operational considerations of automated chamber systems including chamber design and deployment, frequency of gas sampling, and options in terms of the analysis of gas samples. The basic hardware and software requirements for automated chambers are described, including the major challenges and obstacles in their implementation and operation in a wide range of environments. Detailed descriptions are provided of automated systems that have been deployed to assess the impacts of agronomy on the emissions of N 2 O and other significant greenhouse gases. This information will assist researchers across the world in the successful deployment and operation of automated N 2 O chamber systems.

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“…Other researchers have taken the opposite approach and applied a single small urine patch within a chamber, allowing for patch diffusion within the chamber area and thereby accounting for all diffusive area N 2 O emissions. For example, Marsden, Jones, and Chadwick (2017) and Marsden, Holmberg, Jones, and Chadwick (2018) used 150–385 ml sheep urine with wetted areas of 113–300 cm 2 within 50‐cm × 50‐cm chambers. Depending on the treatment concentration, however, for smaller patches this can lead to treatment N 2 O emissions that are low or more difficult to detect.…”

Section: Accounting For the Spatial Variability In N2o Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Recommendations for deployment and accounting for sources of variability

et al. 2020

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Adequately estimating soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions using static chambers is challenging due to the high spatial variability and episodic nature of these fluxes. We discuss how to design experiments using static chambers to better account for this variability and reduce the uncertainty of N 2 O emission estimates. This paper is part of a series, each discussing different facets of N 2 O chamber methodology. Aspects of experimental design and sampling affected by spatial variability include site selection and chamber layout, size, and areal coverage. Where used, treatment application adds a further level of spatial variability. Time of day, frequency, and duration of sampling (both individual chamber closure and overall experiment duration) affect the temporal variability captured. We also present best practice recommendations for chamber installation and sampling protocols to reduce further uncertainty. To obtain the best N 2 O emission estimates, resources should be allocated to minimize the overall uncertainty in line with experiment objectives. Sometimes this will mean prioritizing individual flux measurements and increasing their accuracy and precision by, for example, collecting four or more headspace samples during each chamber closure. However,

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Sheep urine patch N2O emissions are lower from extensively-managed than intensively-managed grasslands

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Considerations for automated flux measurement

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Recommendations for deployment and accounting for sources of variability

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Sheep urine patch N2O emissions are lower from extensively-managed than intensively-managed grasslands

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches

Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Considerations for automated flux measurement

Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Recommendations for deployment and accounting for sources of variability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Considerations for automated flux measurement

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Recommendations for deployment and accounting for sources of variability