Shifting Cultivation: A New Old Paradigm for Managing Tropical Forests

Fox, Jefferson; Truong, Dao Minh; Rambo, A. Terry; Tuyen, Nghiem Phuong; Cuc, Le Trong; Leisz, Stephen J.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0521:scanop]2.0.co;2

Cited by 202 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is because agroforestry farms have a good supply of firewood, and relatively higher farm income allowing a larger proportion of agroforestry farmers to buy gas cylinders. Recent studies in different locations around the tropics indicate that one important reason for deforestation is crop growing (Babigumira et al 2014), and swidden farming is often held to be the principle driving force for that (Fox et al 2000;Angelsen 1995;Myers 1992). However, Heltberg et al (2000) reported that one of the main drivers of forest degradation in rural India is unsustainable firewood collection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

et al. 2016

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Swidden cultivation can contribute to deforestation and land degradation, which can subsequently result in a number of serious environmental problems. This paper examines the economic and social potential of agroforestry systems and the barriers to their widespread adoption, as a land use alternative to swidden cultivation, which may potentially help protect local forest. The Gunung Salak valley in West Java, Indonesia is presented as a case study. Based on farmers' and experts' assessment, costs and benefits have been estimated, which show that the two investigated agroforestry systems have higher net present value and benefit-cost ratio (B/C) than the two swidden cultivation systems. Tree ownership also creates more permanent rights to farmland and is prestigious in the community. Agroforestry products (fruit, vegetables etc.) have high monetary value and help strengthen social cohesion when shared with neighbors. However, farmers are reluctant to implement agroforestry. Stated reasons are related to both culture and capacity. Farmers practicing agroforestry are less involved in forest clearing and forest products collection than swidden farmers indicating that it may contribute positively to conservation of local forests. Increasing the adoption of agroforestry farming in the study area will require support to overcome capacity constraints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

et al. 2016

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“…Nas duas últimas décadas, essa expansão tem recebido grande atenção devido ao seu papel no desflorestamento das regiões tropicais (Skole et al, 1994;Angelsen, 1995;Brady, 1996;Brown e Schreckenberg, 1998), na perda de biodiversidade (de Jong, 1997) e no aquecimento global (Fearnside e Guimarães, 1996;Tinker et al, 1996;Fox et al, 2000). Por outro lado, muitos estudos vêm demonstrando que a interferência humana no processo sucessional da floresta, por meio das atividades agrícolas, acaba funcionando como fonte de variabilidade, mantendo ou mesmo promovendo a biodiversidade regional (Andrade e Rubio-Torgler, 1994;Neves, 1995;Raman et al, 1998;Steinberg, 1998;Moguel e Toledo, 1999;Altieri, 1999;Gupta, 2000).…”

Section: A Agricultura De Corte E Queimaunclassified

A casa e a roça: socioeconomia, demografia e agricultura em populações quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil

Júnior

Murrieta

Taqueda

et al. 2008

Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.

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VIIResumo: Este estudo tem como objetivos caracterizar o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico de nove comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, e identificar os principais fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças recentes nos seus padrões de subsistência. Desde a formação das primeiras aglomerações de escravos libertos e foragidos no século XVIII, as relações estabelecidas entre estas populações com as cidades próximas e com o mercado regional têm vivenciado momentos de retração e de expansão, adaptando-se e ajustando-se a novas mudanças políticas e socioeconômicas. Nas últimas cinco décadas, o impacto de fatores externos na aceleração das mudanças nos padrões de subsistência locais parece ter tido um aumento significativo. Os resultados mostram que as restrições impostas pela legislação ambiental, os conflitos de terra, a construção de uma rodovia na região, a crescente inserção no mercado regional e a atuação de órgãos governamentais e não-governamentais de desenvolvimento são os principais fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças observadas no sistema agrícola de corte e queima e, conseqüentemente, na organização socioeconômica destas populações.Palavras-chave: Agricultura de corte e queima. Mudanças socioeconômicas. Uso do solo. Quilombolas. Mata Atlântica. Abstract:This study aims to characterize the socioeconomic and demographic profile of nine Quilombola populations in the Ribeira Valley, State of São Paulo, and to identify the main factors responsible for the recent changes in their subsistence system. Since the first assemblages of runway and abandoned slaves in the 18th. century, the relations established by these populations with nearby towns and regional market have gone through periods of expansion and retraction, adapting and adjusting to new socioeconomic and political changes. In the last five decades, the impact of external factors on the local subsistence patterns appears to have had a significant increase. Our results show that restrictions imposed by environmental laws, conflict over land, the construction of a major road in the region, the growing insertion into a market economy, and the intervention of governmental and non-governmental development agencies are the main factors behind the changes observed in the subsistence system and, consequently, in the socioeconomic organization of these populations.

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“…Continuously rising demands for crop land and timber have led to substantial deforestation in many regions (Drigo, 2005), and although the global tropical deforestation rate remains high at 13 Mha yr −1 (FAO, 2006), forest regrowth on abandoned agricultural land is increasing, particularly in Latin America (Aide and Grau, 2004;Hecht, 2010) and South East Asia (cf. Fox et al, 2000;Xu et al, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

Beck

Bruijnzeel

Dijk

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

106

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Abstract. Although regenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of humid tropical landscapes, little is known of their water use and effects on streamflow (Q). Since the 1950s the island of Puerto Rico has experienced widespread abandonment of pastures and agricultural lands, followed by forest regeneration. This paper examines the possible impacts of these secondary forests on several Q characteristics for 12 mesoscale catchments (23-346 km 2 ; mean precipitation 1720-3422 mm yr −1 ) with long (33-51 yr) and simultaneous records for Q, precipitation (P ), potential evaporation (PET), and land cover. A simple spatially-lumped, conceptual rainfall-runoff model that uses daily P and PET time series as inputs (HBV-light) was used to simulate Q for each catchment. Annual time series of observed and simulated values of four Q characteristics were calculated. A least-squares trend was fitted through annual time series of the residual difference between observed and simulated time series of each Q characteristic. From this the total cumulative change (Â) was calculated, representing the change in each Q characteristic after controlling for climate variability and water storage carry-over effects between years. Negative values ofÂ were found for most catchments and Q characteristics, suggesting enhanced actual evaporation overall following forest regeneration. However, correlations between changes in urban or forest area and values ofÂ were insignificant (p ≥ 0.389) for all Q characteristics. This suggests there is no convincing evidence that changes in the chosen Q characteristics in these Puerto Rican catchments can be ascribed to changes in urban or forest area. The present results are in line with previous studies of mesoand macro-scale (sub-)tropical catchments, which generally found no significant change in Q that can be attributed to changes in forest cover. Possible explanations for the lack of a clear signal may include errors in the land cover, climate, Q, and/or catchment boundary data; changes in forest area occurring mainly in the less rainy lowlands; and heterogeneity in catchment response. Different results were obtained for different catchments, and using a smaller subset of catchments could have led to very different conclusions. This highlights the importance of including multiple catchments in land-cover impact analysis at the mesoscale.

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Shifting Cultivation: A New Old Paradigm for Managing Tropical Forests

Cited by 202 publications

References 21 publications

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

A casa e a roça: socioeconomia, demografia e agricultura em populações quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil

The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

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