Shifting Trends in Bacterial Keratitis in Toronto

Lichtinger, Alejandro; Yeung, Sonia N.; Kim, Peter; Amiran, Maoz D.; Iovieno, Alfonso; Elbaz, Uri; Ku, Judy Y.F.; Wolff, Rachel; Rootman, David S.; Slomovic, Allan R.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.031

Cited by 152 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…86 Staphylococcus aureus Although studies consistently report Staphylococcus spp. as some of the commonest causes of bacterial keratitis, [90][91][92] contact with the organisms infrequently results in infection. A study by Moreau et al, 93 in which S. aureus was topically applied to scarified rabbit eyes resulted in bacterial killing and identified a role for phospholipase A2 in the tear film as Figure 2 Immune recognition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa molecular patterns.…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Mechanisms Activated By Microbial Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Taube

Cendra

Elsahn

et al. 2015

Eye

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Section: Pattern Recognition Mechanisms Activated By Microbial Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Taube

Cendra

Elsahn

et al. 2015

Eye

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“…Although beta-lactams are not frequently used in ophthalmology, methicillin resistance is a key mechanism of resistance in staphylococci and is significantly associated with higher resistance rates to other non-beta-lactam agents, contributing to the spread and persistence of multidrugresistant strains in several settings. The rates of methicillin resistance among ocular staphylococci isolates are currently on the rise (11)(12)(13). Resistance to methicillin in both S. aureus and coagulasenegative staphylococci (CoNS) is conferred by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) with reduced affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ocular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Belonging Predominantly to Clonal Complex 2 Subcluster II

2014

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is an abundant member of the microbiota of the human skin and wet mucosa, which is commonly associated with sight-threatening infections in eyes with predisposing factors. Ocular S. epidermidis has become notorious because of its capability to form biofilms on different ocular devices and due to the evolving rates of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the molecular epidemiology of 30 ocular methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates was assessed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial resistance, accessory gene-regulator and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, biofilm formation, and the occurrence of biofilm-associated genes were correlated with MLST clonal complexes. Sequence types (STs) frequently found in the hospital setting were rarely found in our collection. Overall, 12 different STs were detected with a predominance of ST59 (30%), ST5 and ST6 (13.3% each). Most of the isolates (93.3%) belonged to the clonal complex 2 (CC2) and grouped mainly within subcluster CC2-II (92.9%). Isolates grouped within this subcluster were frequently biofilm producers (92.3%) with a higher occurrence of the aap (84.5%) and bhp (46.1%) genes compared to icaA (19.2%). SCCmec type IV (53.8%) was predominant within CC2-II strains, while 38.4% were nontypeable. In addition, CC2-II strains were frequently multidrug resistant (80.7%) and demonstrated to be particularly resistant to ciprofloxacin (80.8%), ofloxacin (77%), azithromycin (61.5%), and gentamicin (57.7%). Our findings demonstrate the predominance of a particular MRSE cluster causing ocular infections, which was associated with high rates of antimicrobial resistance and particularly the carriage of biofilm-related genes coding for proteinaceous factors implicated in biofilm accumulation.

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“…Por otra parte, algunas infecciones menos comunes, como la queratitis o la endoftalmitis, pueden causar pérdida visual importante. Dado que la determinación del agente causal de una infección de este tipo puede tomar de 24 a 48 horas, por lo general se inicia un manejo empírico con antibióticos de amplio espectro, comúnmente fluoroquinolonas de cuarta generación como la gatifloxacina o la moxifloxacina (3).…”

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Sensibilidad antibiótica de bacterias obtenidas de queratitis e infecciones intraoculares en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia

et al. 2013

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Acuña: redacción del artículo. Todos los autores participaron en el análisis de los datos y la revisión crítica del artículo. ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Biomédica 2014;34(Supl. Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana es crítica para la selección de los antibióticos en el tratamiento de las infecciones, por ello es vital conocer su estado actual en nuestro medio. Objetivo. Determinar la sensibilidad antibiótica bacteriana in vitro obtenida de los cultivos de queratitis e infecciones intraoculares. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), entre junio de 2011 y enero de 2012. Resultados. Se examinaron 92 muestras. Se identificaron 110 bacterias, 27 hongos y 12 amebas de vida libre. Del total de bacterias Gram positivas, 1,1 %, 0 %, 1,1 %, 16,9 %, 29,3 % y 85 % fue resistente a imipenem, moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina, levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina, respectivamente, mientras que la resistencia a estos mismos fármacos se presentó, respectivamente, en 0 %, 8,3 %, 0 %, 0 %, 18,2 % y 27,3 % de las bacterias Gram negativas. Los porcentajes de resistencia de los estafilococos positivos para coagulasa resistentes a la meticilina fueron 0 %, 0 %, 0 %, 7 %, 17 % y 100 %, respectivamente, y los porcentajes de los estafilococos negativos para coagulasa resistentes a la meticilina fueron 3 %, 0 %, 0 %, 24 %, 44 % y 100 %, respectivamente. Los porcentajes de resistencia bacteriana globales (tanto para bacterias Gram positivas como para Gram negativas) a imipenem, moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina, levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina fueron 1 %, 1 %, 1 %, 15,1 %, 28 % y 64,5 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los niveles de resistencia bacteriana para imipenem, moxifloxacina y gatifloxacina fueron menores que para levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina y tobramicina. Los niveles de resistencia para la tobramicina fueron muy altos, lo que pone en duda su utilidad clínica en las infecciones oculares en nuestro medio.Palabras clave: bacterias, farmacorresistencia microbiana, antibacterianos, infecciones del ojo, queratitis, endoftalmitis.

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Shifting Trends in Bacterial Keratitis in Toronto

Cited by 152 publications

References 30 publications

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Characterization of Ocular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Belonging Predominantly to Clonal Complex 2 Subcluster II

Sensibilidad antibiótica de bacterias obtenidas de queratitis e infecciones intraoculares en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia

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