Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Associated with Calf Mortality in Uruguay

Fernández, M. Fernández; Casaux, María Laura; Fraga, Martín; Vignoli, Rafael; Bado, Inés; Zunino, Pablo; Umpiérrez, Ana

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071704

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The presence of STEC in calf has been reported in few studies [39][40][41], but at best of our knowledge, this approach was never thought as a way to identify potential vector animals within and between herds, and a potential critical point for control measures. The availability of new commercial molecular assays allows to identify non-O157 serotypes in milk and milk products which simplify and make more efficient the detection process.…”

Section: Aims Of the Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

Sora,

Zaghen,

Zecconi

2024

Preprint

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Several pathotypes of enteric E. coli have been identified. The group represented by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is of particular interest. Raw milk and raw milk products are significant sources of STEC infection in humans; therefore, identifying pathogens at the herd level is crucial for public health. Most national surveillance programs focus solely on raw milk and raw milk cheeses that are ready for retail sale, neglecting the possibility of evaluating the source of contamination directly at the beginning of the dairy chain. In order to assess the viability of new molecular methodologies applied to raw milk filters enabling the identification of the presence of STEC serotypes in milk production and apply the same methods to identify the presence of these pathogens in calf feces we analyzed, through a commercial real-time PCR assay, a total of 290 samples coming from 18 different dairy herds; 88 bulk tank milk (BTM), 104 raw milk filters (RMF) and 98 calves’ feces samples. In total 3.4% of BTM, 41.4% of RMF and 73.4% of calves’ feces tested positive for stx presence, supporting our hypothesis that BTM is not a suitable matrix to assess the STEC presence at herd level, underestimating it. Our conclusion is that the surveillance program needs critical and extensive improvements such as RMF and calves’ feces analysis implementation in order to be more efficient in detecting and preventing STEC infections. The epidemiology of these infections and the characteristics of the pathogen clearly show how a One Health approach will be pivotal to improve our capabilities to control the spread of these infections.

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Section: Aims Of the Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

Sora,

Zaghen,

Zecconi

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of STEC in calves has been reported in a few studies [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], but, to the best of our knowledge, this approach was never thought to be a way to identify potential vector animals within and between herds and a potential critical point for control measures. The availability of new commercial molecular assays allows identification of non-O157 serotypes in milk and milk products, simplifying and making the detection process more efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

Sora,

Zaghen,

Zecconi

2024

Pathogens

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Several pathotypes of enteric E. coli have been identified. The group represented by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is of particular interest. Raw milk and raw milk products are significant sources of STEC infection in humans; therefore, identifying pathogens at the herd level is crucial for public health. Most national surveillance programs focus solely on raw milk and raw milk cheeses that are ready for retail sale, neglecting the possibility of evaluating the source of contamination directly at the beginning of the dairy chain. To assess the viability of the application of new molecular methodologies to STEC identification in raw milk filters and in calf feces, we analyzed 290 samples from 18 different dairy herds, including 88 bulk tank milk (BTM), 104 raw milk filters (RMF), and 98 calf feces samples. In total 3.4% of BTM, 41.4% of RMF, and 73.4% of calves’ feces were positive for stx, supporting our hypothesis that BTM is not a suitable matrix to assess the presence of STEC at herd level, underestimating it. Our conclusion is that the surveillance program needs critical and extensive improvements such as RMF and calves’ feces analysis implementation to be more efficient in detecting and preventing STEC infections. The epidemiology of these infections and the characteristics of the pathogen clearly show how a One Health approach will be pivotal in improving our capabilities to control the spread of these infections.

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Structural basis to identify a target site in Shiga toxin for the inhibitor discovery against growth of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli

Prabhudesai,

Shaikh,

Ashwinbhai

et al. 2024

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Certain peptides that bind Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) have been reported to treat Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. However, their mechanisms of action remain unknown. STEC infections lead to serious diseases, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, in humans. Antibiotic therapy is usually not recommended because of the major challenges of antibiotic resistance and SOS repair. Currently, there is no human vaccine for STEC infection, leaving rehydration therapy as the recommended supportive therapy. Therefore, there is a need for targeted therapeutic intervention to inhibit STEC growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of five known peptides with Stx2 to identify a more suitable peptide based on structural changes. These peptides have been used to inhibit the growth of STEC. Results The current study demonstrated that only tetravalent peptide (TVP) out of 5 common peptides interrupted the Y77-E259 interaction of Stx2, making it active by exposing active site, which ultimately leads to STEC cell death. We also demonstrated that amino acids R170 and F171 of Stx2 in the docked complex of Stx2 and TVP form a helix-loop-helix (HLH). This might lead to the differential expression of genes regulated by Stx2 and ultimately inhibit STEC growth. However, in the case of Stx2-ribosomal P-stalk, these residues did not form HLH. The 3D refined model of TVP showed a low MolProbity score and low energy zones in the ANOLEA profile compared to the original one. Moreover, the low radius of gyration of the refined TVP suggests that it is more compact than the original TVP. Therefore, TVP is a suitable drug candidate for the inhibition of STEC growth. However, the low antigenicity of TVP makes it unsuitable as a drug candidate. We also evaluated three antibiotics that have been used as active ingredients in FDA-approved peptides. Only Oritavancin diphosphate showed strong polar interactions with Y77-E259 and also had the highest binding affinity. Conclusions Potential drug candidates that inhibit or interrupt the interaction between Y77-E259 and have high antigenicity, low toxicity, and no allergenicity should be explored against the growth of STEC.

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Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Associated with Calf Mortality in Uruguay

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

Structural basis to identify a target site in Shiga toxin for the inhibitor discovery against growth of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli

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