Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats

Abstract

We studied whether physiological concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affects colonic transit and colonic motility in conscious rats. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs (100-200 mM) into the proximal colon significantly accelerated colonic transit. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was abolished by perivagal capsaicin treatment, atropine, hexamethonium, and vagotomy, but not by guanethidine. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was also abolished by intraluminal pretreatment with lidocaine and a 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)(3) receptor antagonist. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs provoked contractions at the proximal colon, which migrated to the mid- and distal colon. SCFAs caused a significant increase in the luminal concentration of 5-HT of the vascularly isolated and luminally perfused rat colon ex vivo. It is suggested that the release of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells in response to SCFAs stimulates 5-HT(3) receptors located on the vagal sensory fibers. The sensory information is transferred to the vagal efferent and stimulates the release of acetylcholine from the colonic myenteric plexus, resulting in muscle contraction.

Effect of Organic Acid Salts as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters on the Production Performance of Commercial Broiler Chicken

“…Further, sodium butyrate has the ability to increase the gastric emptying and intestinal motility thereby increasing feed intake (Malbert et al, 1994). In addition to that butyrate and propionate induced phasic and tonic contraction in colonic circular muscle (Mitsui et al, 2005;Tazoe et al, 2008) also butyrate has been reported to induce enhancement of colonic motility via the release of 5-HT (Fukumoto et al, 2003).…”

Roles of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and their Receptors in Colonic Motility

“…Previous physiological studies reported the SCFAsinduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and PYY release (8,19). Thus, we performed double-staining for FFA2 and 5-HT, and FFA2 and PYY.…”

“…Therefore, propionate-induced circular muscle contractions might be involved in FFA3. SCFAs have been reported to enhance colonic motility via the release of 5-HT (19,38). There are two possible source of 5-HT for the propionate-induced circular muscle contraction: enteroendocrine cells that are numerous throughout the gastrointestinal tract (16), and 5-HT containing mast cells that occur in the mucosal lamina propria of the rat intestine (69).…”

“…Luminal SCFAs are not only absorbed as nutrients by the intestinal epithelia but also influence various physiological and pathophysiological actions in the intestine as chemical stimuli. For example, SCFAs have been reported to stimulate smooth muscle contractions (19,38,39,42,43), transepithelial chloride secretion (26,67), colonocyte proliferation (48,51), and to prevent colorectal cancer (13). As a remote effect, infusion of SCFAs into the colon (47) or ileum (10,11) have also been reported to inhibit proximal intestinal motility which is variously known as the "colonic brake", "ileal brake" or "ileocolonic brake".…”

Avaliação dos efeitos de 5-hidroxitriptofano em-hidroxibenzilhidrazine associados a Lactobacillus spp. na morfometria intestinal e imunomarcação de serotonina em frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteridis

“…Sua liberação para o lúmen ou lâmina própria faz com que atue sobre células entéricas do sistema nervoso e inicie atividades secretó-rias e crescimento celular de vários tecidos, incluindo vilosidades e criptas intestinais (Fukumoto et al 2003, Hasler 2009, Khan & Ghia 2010.…”