Short-Term Fading Behavior in High-Speed Railway Cutting Scenario: Measurements, Analysis, and Statistical Models

Channel Measurements and Models for High-Speed Train Communication Systems: A Survey

“…Moreover, the measurement in [65] showed while the K-factor is a linear function of distance, the slope K values are different before and after the breakpoint. Similar comprehensive studies on K-factors of HST channels but in cutting scenarios were reported in [72], [80]. The analysis showed that wide cuttings increase the possibility of dominant LoS components, which leads to higher K-values.…”

“…Both observations are physically meaningful considering that the increase of the height of the BS and the viaduct over the surrounding obstacles will lead to a clear LoS and reduce the impact of these scatterers on the received signal. The measurements of HST channels in cutting scenarios reported in [69], [70], [72], [73] have demonstrated the impact of the cutting structure on the estimated PLs, i.e., the depth of the cutting and the widths of the top and bottom. A shallow cutting, or low cutting, will lead to a strong LoS condition while deep cutting will lead to a large PL exponent due to the reflections from the cuttings' slopes.…”

Research on Wideband Channel Measurement System Based on Software Defined Radio

“…The HSR propagation channel which usually has severe fading has a significant impact on the design and performance analysis of wireless train control systems [1]- [6]. As the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is gradually used for commercial purpose worldwide, there has been an increasing interest of the application of wideband wireless communications in railways [2].…”

Channel Measurement and Modeling in Complex Environments

“…The fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution for Railway (LTE-R), is expected to provide not only optimized services for train control but also the high-quality internet access for passengers in the future. Several propagation measurement campaigns have been conducted in different HSR scenarios for the wireless channels, e.g., in viaducts [172,173,35], hilly terrains [174,175] cuttings [176,177,178], train stations [179,180], and tunnels [181,182] scenarios.…”

“…For selecting the best fitting model to describe the small-scale fading, Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) has been introduced in [221]. AIC is a goodness of fit measure that favors smaller residual error in the model.…”