Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to <scp>A.D.</scp> 1454 overwash

Sawai, Yuki; Namegaya, Yuichi; Tamura, Takeshi; Nakashima, Rei; Tanigawa, Koichiro

doi:10.1002/2015gl064167

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Onshore tsunami deposits provide evidence that significant earthquakes and tsunamis have impacted the Pacific coast of Tohoku in the past (Abe et al 1990;Minoura and Nakaya 1991;Minoura et al 2001;Sawai et al 2012Sawai et al , 2015Ishimura and Miyauchi 2015;Takada et al 2016;Ishimura 2017). Even before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, two earthquakes along the Japan Trench (the A.D. 869 Jogan earthquake and the 1454 Kyotoku earthquake) that generated giant tsunamis similar to the one in 2011 are indicated by historical records and tsunami deposits (Satake et al 2008;Namegaya and Yata 2014;Sawai et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, two earthquakes along the Japan Trench (the A.D. 869 Jogan earthquake and the 1454 Kyotoku earthquake) that generated giant tsunamis similar to the one in 2011 are indicated by historical records and tsunami deposits (Satake et al 2008;Namegaya and Yata 2014;Sawai et al 2015). The 1896 Sanriku earthquake known as "tsunami earthquake" also caused serious damage to the Tohoku region (Kanamori 1972;Tanioka and Satake 1996;Satake Open Access *Correspondence: k-usami@aist.go.jp; k-usami@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp 5 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8564, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article et al 2017) and formed tsunami deposits (e.g., Takada et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

et al. 2018

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On the landward slope of the Japan Trench, the mid-slope terrace (MST) is located at a depth of 4000-6000 m. Two piston cores from the MST were analyzed to assess the applicability of the MST for turbidite paleoseismology and to find out reliable recurrence record of the great earthquakes along the Japan Trench. The cores have preserved records of ~ 12 seismo-turbidites (event deposits) during the last 4000 years. In the upper parts of the two cores, only the following earthquakes (magnitude M ~ 8 and larger) were clearly recorded: the 2011 Tohoku, the 1896 Sanriku, the 1454 Kyotoku, and the 869 Jogan earthquake. In the lower part of the cores, turbidites were deposited alternately in the northern and southern sites during the periods between concurrent depositional events occurring at intervals of 500-900 years. Considering the characteristics of the coring sites for their sensitivity to earthquake shaking, the concurrent depositional events likely correspond to a supercycle that follows giant (M ~ 9) earthquakes along the Japan Trench. Preliminary estimations of peak ground acceleration for the historical earthquakes recorded as the turbidites imply that each rupture length of the 1454 and 869 earthquakes was over 200 km. The earthquakes related to the supercycle have occurred over at least the last 4000 years, and the cycle seems to have become slightly shorter in recent years. Earthquakes off the Sanriku coast forming the alternative deposition of turbidites in the two cores have released a part of accumulated slip, as indicated by the turbidites deposited in only one core. Decreases in the release of accumulated slip have possibly caused the recent shortening of the supercycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

et al. 2018

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“…If we assume a steady slip rate equal to relative plate velocity (v pl = 9 cm/year) (DeMets et al 1994) and a megathrust rupture interval of T = 500 years on Σ P (Sawai et al 2012(Sawai et al , 2015, the amount of coseismic slip is 45 m. The material parameters except for viscosity are listed in Table 1. We compute the evolution of vertical displacement for various values of structural parameters (lithospheric thickness H, depth to lower edge of periodic rupture area d, and viscosity in the asthenosphere η a ).…”

Section: Earthquake Cycle Model With Dislocationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This megathrust rupture reached to the trench with a maximum slip of 50 m (e.g., Yagi and Fukahata 2011) and resulted in a devastating tsunami. Studies of older tsunami deposits suggest a recurrence interval for megathrust earthquakes of 500-800 years (Sawai et al 2012(Sawai et al , 2015. Given that we can now expect the recurrence of an earthquake with magnitude greater than M8, we should explore the tectonic implications in NE Japan of M9-class earthquake cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A megathrust earthquake cycle model for Northeast Japan: bridging the mismatch between geological uplift and geodetic subsidence

Hashima

Sato

2017

Earth Planets Space

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In Northeast Japan, it remains a puzzle to reconcile the mismatch between long-term (geological) uplift and lateinterseismic and coseismic subsidence associated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. To explain this mismatch between different periods, we modeled the entire megathrust earthquake cycle in the Northeast Japan arc using a simple dislocation model with a two-layered lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in which we account for viscoelastic relaxation in the asthenosphere and tectonic erosion. The model behaves differently when the rupture stops within the lithosphere and when it cuts through the lithosphere to reach the asthenosphere. It is possible to explain the mismatch in the case where the rupture stops within the lithosphere. In the early interseismic stage, the viscoelastic response to the megathrust earthquake dominates and can compensate for late-interseismic and coseismic subsidence. In contrast, the late-interseismic stage is dominated by the locking effect with the steady slip below the rupture area. Tectonic erosion explains up to about half of the long-term uplift by landward movement of arc topography. The rest of the long-term uplift may be attributed to indirect effects of internal deformation in the arc.

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“…Grey circles and squares show the research sites of Sawai et al (2012Sawai et al ( , 2015 and Takada et al (2016), respectively. The spatial correlation of tsunami deposits in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures is based on Sawai et al (2012 Sawai et al, 2012Sawai et al, , 2007Sawai et al 2012, 2010, Goto et al, 2015, 2015;Ishimura and Miyauchi, 2015;, 2014;Tanigawa et al, 2014Tanigawa et al, , 2012 …”

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confidence: 99%

Paleotsunami research along the Pacific coast of Tohoku region

Sawai

2017

Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan

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This paper reviews research on paleotsunami deposits in the Tohoku region, which began with investigations of lacustrine deposits along the coastal area of the Japan Sea in the s. Subsequently, deposits of the Keicho, Kyotoku, and Jogan tsunamis were identified. There is abundant historical and geological evidence of the tsunami, although its source is still unclear, with possibilities including offshore of Sanriku coast or the southern Kuril Trench. The other two historical tsunamis ( and ) are modeled as having an offshore Sendai source, with a moment magnitude (M w ) of greater than . -. . In addition, tsunami deposits older than the Jogan event have been reported in the Tohoku region, but their sources remain unknown.

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Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

A megathrust earthquake cycle model for Northeast Japan: bridging the mismatch between geological uplift and geodetic subsidence

Paleotsunami research along the Pacific coast of Tohoku region

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