Shortwave radiative forcing and efficiency of key aerosol types using AERONET data

García, Omaira; Dı́az, J. P.; Expósito, Francisco J.; Díaz, A. M.; Dubovik, Оleg; Derimian, Yevgeny; Dubuisson, Philippe; Roger, J. C.

doi:10.5194/acp-12-5129-2012

Cited by 154 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This tendency of cooling the Earth-atmosphere system due to the effect of desert dust aerosols agrees with results reported for other regions (e.g., Costa et al, 2006;Derimian et al, 2006; th and 75 th percentiles (top/bottom box limits) and data within 1.5 times the interquartile range (whiskers) are shown. Lyamani et al, 2006;Cachorro et al, 2008;GuerreroRascado et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2009;García et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2013;Valenzuela et al, 2012;Obregón et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Muñoz

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Notable uncertainties in the aerosol impact on the Earth's radiative budget still remain, mainly at local scales. This study aims to accurately quantify the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and its efficiency (ARFE) at Évora (Portugal, Southwestern Europe). This is an interesting region affected by different aerosol types and sources. Towards this goal, ARF and ARFE are calculated for Évora during thirteen years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), which is the longest period ever analyzed for this region. For this calculation, the most updated AERONET data have been used to simulate irradiance with the libRadtran code. Thus, 1676 daily values were analyzed, obtaining a mean ARF of -7.4 W m -2 at the Earth's surface (SURF) and -1.1 W m -2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), indicating a cooling of the Earth-atmosphere system. The difference in ARF between TOA and SURF indicates a mean net gain of 6.3 W m -2 for the atmosphere. While no ARF seasonal pattern is observed at the TOA, a clear seasonal cycle is detected at the SURF with the most negative values occurring in summer. On the other hand, ARFE shows mean values of -62.7 W m -2 τ -1 at the SURF and -14.3 W m -2 τ -1 at the TOA. Results show that ARFE highly depends on the aerosol single scattering albedo, showing opposite behavior at the SURF and at the TOA. The large temporal variability detected in the aerosol properties in the region of study confirms the general need for long time series of measurements to achieve an accurate estimation of the ARF and ARFE.

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Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Muñoz

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The sun photometer data are available several times per day, depending on the solar angle and aerosol loading (Dubovik et al, 2002b). We have also used the aerosol clear-sky instantaneous direct radiative effect in the shortwave derived from sun-photometer measurements, following the methodology proposed by García et al (2012). The accuracy of the AERONET retrievals are discussed by Dubovik and King (2000) and Dubovik et al (2002a).…”

Section: Atmospheric Station and Instrumental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

et al. 2017

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Abstract. As part of the ChArMEx-ADRIMED campaign (summer 2013), ground-based in situ observations were conducted at the Ersa site (northern tip of Corsica; 533 m a.s.l.) to characterise the optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols. During the observation period, a major influence of primary marine aerosols was detected (22-26 June), with a mass concentration reaching up to 6.5 µg m −3 and representing more than 40 % of the total PM 10 mass concentration. Its relatively low ratio of chloride to sodium (average of 0.57) indicates a fairly aged sea salt aerosol at Ersa. In this work, an original data set, obtained from online real-time instruments (ATOFMS, PILS-IC) has been used to characterise the ageing of primary marine aerosols (PMAs). During this PMA period, the mixing of fresh and aged PMAs was found to originate from both local and regional (Gulf of Lion) emissions, according to local wind measurements and FLEXPART back trajectories. Two different aerosol regimes have been identified: a dust outbreak (dust) originating from Algeria/Tunisia, and a pollution period with aerosols originating from eastern Europe, which includes anthropogenic and biomass burning sources (BBP). The optical, physical and chemical properties of the observed aerosols, as well as their local shortwave (SW) direct radiative effect (DRE) in clear-sky conditions, are compared for these three periods in order to assess the importance of the direct radiative impact of PMAs compared to other sources above the western Mediterranean Basin.As expected, AERONET retrievals indicate a relatively low local SW DRF during the PMA period with mean values of −11 ± 4 at the surface and −8 ± 3 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In comparison, our results indicate that the dust outbreak observed at our site during the campaign, although of moderate intensity (AOD of 0.3-0.4 at 440 nm and column-integrated SSA of 0.90-0.95), induced a local instantaneous SW DRF that is nearly 3 times the effect calculated during the PMA period, with maximum values up to −40 W m −2 at the surface. A similar range of values were found for the BBP period to those during the dust period (SW DRF at the surface and TOA of −23 ± 6 and −15 ± 4 W m −2 respectively).The multiple sources of measurements at Ersa allowed the detection of a PMA-dominant period and their characterisation in terms of ageing, origin, transport, optical and physical properties and direct climatic impact.

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“…Aside from the horizontal variability of the atmospheric major components such as clouds, aerosol, water vapour etc, radiative heating associated with vertical variability is also important and may affect the development of convection. Although the vertical redistribution of energy by clouds and aerosols have important feedback to model dynamics, evaluation of model simulations of the Earth radiative budget typically focus on performance at the TOA and surface [17,18] neglecting details of the distribution of radiation within the vertical column [19]. In fact, evaluation of vertical profiles of model fluxes or heating rate is difficult because of the lack of direct observations of heating rate profiles in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Details Of Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortwave Cloud and Aerosol Radiative Forcings and Their Effects on the Vertical Local Heating/Cooling Rates

Nguimdo¹,

Njomo²

2013

ACS

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An analysis of atmospheric SW-radiative forcing and local heating/cooling rate is made using a one year temporal and vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud over Yaoundé (11.51˚E, 3.83˚N). It appears that the direct influence of aerosols on the surface compared to the TOA can be 3 times larger. Annual mean value obtained at 559 mb altitude is +27.74 W/m 2 with range from 0 to +43 W/m 2 . At 904 mb, we obtained an annual mean of −46.22 W/m 2 with range from −65 to −9 W/m 2 . Frequency distribution indicates that more than 95% of ARF are between +10 and +70 W/m 2 at 559 mb (upper limit of UL), and more than 85% of ARF are between −70 and −10 W/m 2 at 904 mb (upper limit of PBL). This sign change is explained by the fact that the backscattering peaks at the upper limit of the aerosol PBL layer. The maximum CRF is noted at TOA where it reaches −600 W/m 2 based on the time interval and the structure of clouds. The highest values occur between 11.50 and 13.50 LST. Clouds lead to a general heating of the entire atmospheric column with a much greater effect near the surface. Aerosols effect on the heating rate profile show strong cooling during the day for the lower atmosphere, with slight heating at the upper atmosphere. This cooling contribution generally increases from the surface and peacks at the upper boundary of aerosol layer where reflectivity is the most important. Depending on the moment of the day, average heating effect of clouds peacks at surface or within the middle troposphere due to the absorption by clouds particles. Vertical profiles deeply evolve exhibiting differences that exceed −3 K/day according to altitude from one hour to another during a given mean solar day.

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Shortwave radiative forcing and efficiency of key aerosol types using AERONET data

Cited by 154 publications

References 48 publications

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

Shortwave Cloud and Aerosol Radiative Forcings and Their Effects on the Vertical Local Heating/Cooling Rates

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