Should I stay or should I go? Maximizing lifetime with relays

Abstract

We consider the problem of maximizing the lifetime of a wireless connection between a transmitter and a receiver using mobile relays. Initially, all relays are positioned arbitrarily on the line between the transmitter and the receiver and have arbitrary battery capacities. Energy is consumed in proportion to the distance traveled for mobility and in proportion to an exponential function of the distance over which information is sent for communication. The objective is to find positions and thus transmission ranges for the nodes that maximize the lifetime of the network. We study two models, the single deployment model and the multiple deployment model. We show how to compute an optimal solution for the case of no movement cost for both models. When there is a cost for movement we develop some structure for multiple deployment model. We consider a discrete version of the single deployment model, in which relays are deployed on grid points. We provide two algorithms for this case: a dynamic programming algorithm and a binary search algorithm. We prove that both algorithms are FPTASs for the non-discrete problem, if batteries are not too small. We develop a number of heuristics for the multiple deployment model. Our simulations demonstrate the benefit of moving over remaining at initial locations.

“Green” barrier coverage with mobile sensors

“…We consider the set-up and sense model [12,11,13,23,7], where sensors first move to their desired destinations and then begin sensing. Let y = (y 1 , .…”

“…Another common research direction is to consider the dual problem which is to maximize the lifetime of the network where the battery sizes are given. See, e.g., [9,17,3,4,5,23,7].…”

Energy‐efficient link selection scheme in a two‐hop relay scenario with considering a mobile relay

“…Based on the analysis of the empirical results obtained by CC2420, the authors in [15] work out that α = 0.6 × 10 −7 J/bit and β = 4 × 10 −10 Jm −2 /bit. To evaluate the mobility cost of the mobile relay appropriately, an energy consumption model used in [13,15] is adopted. In this model, the energy consumed by mobility is proportional to the node's moving distance.…”

“…On the other hand, recent researches show that the network performances, such as the data latency [7,8], the link quality [9,10], the throughput capacity [11,12] and especially the energy efficiency [13][14][15], can be significantly improved by introducing mobile relays into WSNs. With the ability to move, relays can trade extra mobility energy consumption for reducing data transmission energy consumption by adjusting their positions.…”

“…There are also some related researches for this work. In [13], the network lifetime is extended by adjusting the position of mobile relays equipped with arbitrary battery capacities. However, all the relays are restrained on the line between the transmitter and the receiver.…”