Sibling genes as environment: Sibling dopamine genotypes and adolescent health support frequency dependent selection

Rauscher, Emily; Conley, Dalton; Siegal, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.002

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…One reason genetic similarity among friends and schoolmates may matter for health and social science research is the potential phenomenon of social–genetic effects. Social–genetic effects, also called “indirect” genetic effects, refer to the influence of one organism’s genotype on a different organism’s phenotype ( 14 , 15 ). Social–genetic effects, which may take several forms ( 1 ), are accounted for in evolutionary theory ( 42 , 43 ) and have been observed among animals ( 15 , 44 – 47 ) and received some study in human siblings ( 14 , 48 , 49 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, social networks can influence mating markets, so genetic similarity among friends may be one source of genetic similarity among spouses. Second, there may exist social–genetic effects—the effects of alter’s genotype on ego’s phenotype ( 1 , 14 , 15 )—which would further suggest that social sorting on genotype may have consequences for the distribution of phenotypes in a population beyond its effect on subsequent generations through assortative mating.…”

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The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Domingue

Belsky

Fletcher

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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SignificanceOur study reported significant findings of a “social genome” that can be quantified and studied to understand human health and behavior. In a national sample of more than 5,000 American adolescents, we found evidence of social forces that act to make friends and schoolmates more genetically similar to one another compared with random pairs of unrelated individuals. This subtle genetic similarity was observed across the entire genome and at sets of genomic locations linked with specific traits—educational attainment and body mass index—a phenomenon we term “social–genetic correlation.” We also find evidence of a “social–genetic effect” such that the genetics of a person’s friends and schoolmates influenced their own education, even after accounting for the person’s own genetics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Domingue

Belsky

Fletcher

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…They also found effects on age at first child, high‐density lipoprotein level, fasting glucose level, height, and cigarettes smoked per day. Rauscher, Conley, and Siegal () found evidence of genetic nurture among siblings in the Add Health data but for health‐related absences and self‐rated health. These suggest that our null finding for BMI is not simply an artifact of the general approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for family influences on obesity: The role of genetic nurture

et al. 2019

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A large literature has documented strong positive correlations among siblings in health, including body mass index (BMI) and obesity. This paper tests whether that is explained by a specific type of peer effect in obesity: genetic nurture. Specifically, we test whether an individual's weight is affected by the genes of their sibling, controlling for the individual's own genes. Using genetic data in Add Health, we find no credible evidence that an individual's BMI is affected by the polygenic risk score for BMI of their full sibling when controlling for the individual's own polygenic risk score for BMI. Thus, we find no evidence that the positive correlations in BMI between siblings are attributable to genetic nurture within families.

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“…One reason genetic similarity among friends and schoolmates may matter for health and social science research is the potential phenomenon of social-genetic effects. Social-genetic effects, also called "indirect" genetic effects, refer to the influence of one organism's genotype on a different organism's phenotype (14,15). Social-genetic effects, which may take several forms (1), are accounted for in evolutionary theory (42,43) and have been observed among animals (15,(44)(45)(46)(47) and received some study in human siblings (14,48,49).…”

Section: Is the Social Genome Associated With An Individual's Phenotype?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Genome of Friends and Schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Domingue¹,

Belsky

Fletcher

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Humans tend to form social relationships with others who resemble them. Whether this sorting of like with like arises from historical patterns of migration, meso-level social structures in modern society, or individual-level selection of similar peers remains unsettled. Recent research has evaluated the possibility that unobserved genotypes may play an important role in the creation of homophilous relationships. We extend this work by using data from 9,500 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine genetic similarities among pairs of friends. While there is some evidence that friends have correlated genotypes, both at the whole-genome level as well as at trait-associated loci (via polygenic scores), further analysis suggests that meso-level forces, such as school assignment, are a principal source of genetic similarity between friends. We also observe apparent social-genetic effects in which polygenic scores of an individual’s friends and schoolmates predict the individual’s own educational attainment. In contrast, an individual’s height is unassociated with the height genetics of peers.SignificanceOur study reported significant findings of a “social genome” that can be quantified and studied to understand human health and behavior. In a national sample of more than 9,000 American adolescents, we found evidence of social forces that act to make friends and schoolmates more genetically similar to one another as compared to random pairs of unrelated individuals. This subtle genetic similarity was observed across the entire genome and at sets of genomic locations linked with specific traits—educational attainment and body-mass index—a phenomenon we term “social-genetic correlation.” We also find evidence of a “social-genetic effect” such that the genetics of a person’s friends and schoolmates influenced their own education, even after accounting for the person’s own genetics.

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Sibling genes as environment: Sibling dopamine genotypes and adolescent health support frequency dependent selection

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Testing for family influences on obesity: The role of genetic nurture

The Social Genome of Friends and Schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

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