Sibship size, birth order, and atopy in 11,371 Italian young men

Matricardi, Paolo Maria; Franzinelli, Ferruccio; Franco, Alfredo; Caprio, Giuseppe; Murru, Fernando; Cioffi, D; Ferrignoc, Luigina; Palermoa, Antonio; Ciccarelli, Natale; Rosmini, Francesco

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70350-1

Cited by 151 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The indexes to evaluate the sanitation in infancy include residence, farm living history, number of siblings, birth order, exposure to animals, parasite infestation, and so on. Studies demonstrated that farm living (von Mutius and Vercelli, 2010), more siblings (von Mutius et al, 1994), later birth order (Matricardi et al, 1998), more exposure to pets (Apter, 2003), exhibited lower prevalence of allergy and autoimmune diseases. In developing countries and rural environment, the microbial diversity is higher and the opportunity to exposure to microorganisms is more adequate.…”

Section: Hygiene Hypothesis For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children of later birth order have more opportunities to exposure to microorganisms than those of earlier birth order because they have longer time to play with siblings. Individuals with more siblings and later birth order have lower incidence of allergies (Jarvis et al, 1997;Matricardi et al, 1998), but there are still no reports about the number of siblings or birth order and incidence of AD.…”

Section: Hygiene Hypothesis For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Wang

Jin

2016

Sci. China Life Sci.

300

188

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Section: Hygiene Hypothesis For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hygiene Hypothesis For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Wang

Jin

2016

Sci. China Life Sci.

300

188

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“…H aving older siblings has been found to be inversely associated with asthma and other atopy-related disorders. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Some studies have also shown that these disorders are inversely associated with child care attendance outside the home, 6-10 whereas other studies have not been able to confirm these findings. 11-13 A common interpretation of these results has been that older siblings and child care attendance are indirect measures of earlylife infections and that early-life infections have a preventive effect on the development of atopic disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Respiratory Infections, Asthma, and Allergy: 10-Year Follow-up of the Oslo Birth Cohort

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective. It has been hypothesized that early infections protect against the development of atopic disease, but there have been few long-term follow-up studies. We estimated the associations between early respiratory infections and doctor-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin-prick sensitization in children at 10 years of age in the Oslo Birth Cohort, established in 1992-1993. We also considered birth order and attendance at a child care center as proxy measures of increased exposure to infections early in life.Methods. A total of 2540 children were followed from birth to the age of 10 years. Experiences of respiratory infections were recorded in follow-up surveys at 6 and 12 months. At age 10, questions were asked about current symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis and about having ever received a doctor diagnosis for these diseases. A subsample (n ‫؍‬ 1740) of the cohort was tested for skinprick test reactivity.Results. Current asthma was related to lower respiratory tract infection (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.0) and croup (adjusted OR: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-4.2) in the first year. ORs for allergic rhinitis and skin-prick sensitization were smaller but mainly positive. Birth order and child care attendance at age 1 year were not significantly associated with any of the studied outcomes.Conclusions. Early respiratory infections did not protect against the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or sensitization to common allergens during the first 10 years of life but increased the risk for asthma symptoms at age 10 in this population. H aving older siblings has been found to be inversely associated with asthma and other atopy-related disorders. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Some studies have also shown that these disorders are inversely associated with child care attendance outside the home, 6-10 whereas other studies have not been able to confirm these findings. 11-13 A common interpretation of these results has been that older siblings and child care attendance are indirect measures of earlylife infections and that early-life infections have a preventive effect on the development of atopic disorders. A number of studies have also assessed the relation between atopic disorders and direct measures of early-life infections, 11,13-23 but fewer have been able to do this prospectively. [13][14][15][18][19][20][21][22] Studies that have used direct measures of infections have shown less consistent results than the studies that have used indirect measures, and the inverse relation has often been restricted to subgroups of diseased individuals, mainly those with atopic predisposition. Furthermore, childhood asthma has been found to be more common in children who experienced at least 1 specific type of early respiratory infection, namely respiratory syncytial virus infection. [24][25][26][27] The inverse relation between early-life infections and the development of atopic disorders is supported by a plausible biological mechanism, according to which early-lif...

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This association has been attributed to a preventive effect of early infections that are suggested to be more common in children with older siblings. This hypothesis is supported by a plausible biologic mechanism, according to which early-life infections stimulate Th1 lymphocytes that may inhibit the expansion of allergen-specific Th2 lymphocytes and may limit the development of allergic diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Respiratory Infections and Childhood Asthma

Nafstad¹,

Magnus²,

Jaakkola

2000

Pediatrics

102

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess the role of early respiratory infections in the development of bronchial obstruction in the first 2 years of life, and asthma by the age of 4 years in the Oslo Birth Cohort, established in 1992-1993. Having older siblings and attendance to a day care center were also considered as proxy measures of early infections.Methods. A total of 2531 children were followed from birth to 4 years of age. Experiences of respiratory infections were recorded in the follow-up surveys at 6 and 12 months of age, and children with symptoms and signs of bronchial obstruction during the first 2 years of life were identified and examined. The presence of current asthma was recorded when the children were 4 years old.Results. Children with respiratory infections during infancy had a higher risk of having bronchial obstruction during the first 2 years of life and of having asthma at 4 years of age. In logistic regression adjusting for confounders including other infections, the risk of asthma at 4 years of age was related to lower respiratory tract infection (odds ratio ABBREVIATIONS. RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.[

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Sibship size, birth order, and atopy in 11,371 Italian young men

Cited by 151 publications

References 17 publications

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Early Respiratory Infections, Asthma, and Allergy: 10-Year Follow-up of the Oslo Birth Cohort

Early Respiratory Infections and Childhood Asthma

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