2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.02.001
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Side dependent effects of the human amnion on angiogenesis

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Cited by 85 publications
(70 citation statements)
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“…Its histological structure develops from conception to birth, and it is resilient, smooth, shiny, flexible, and slender [20][21] . AM consists of five layers [22][23] , including an internal monolayer of non-adhesive cuboidal epithelial cells that are rich in immunomodulatory cytokines and epithelial growth factors. Hemidesmosomes connect this layer to the second, which is a thick and resistant basal layer formed primarily of type-IV collagen and laminin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Its histological structure develops from conception to birth, and it is resilient, smooth, shiny, flexible, and slender [20][21] . AM consists of five layers [22][23] , including an internal monolayer of non-adhesive cuboidal epithelial cells that are rich in immunomodulatory cytokines and epithelial growth factors. Hemidesmosomes connect this layer to the second, which is a thick and resistant basal layer formed primarily of type-IV collagen and laminin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The second layer adheres to a third thin layer of connective tissue that underlies the stromal matrix, which is completely avascular and divided into three additional layers: a compact layer of collagen, a layer of fibroblasts, and a spongy layer [22][23] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This membrane is proven to have special characteristics such as antiangiogenic, immunoregulatory and pro-apoptotic [5,6] as well as antimicrobial, anti-fibrosis, and low immunogenicity properties [7]. The AM owes these properties to its unique histologic features of having two different types of stem cells: A single layer of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells (AESCs) on a thick basement membrane, and Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AMSCs) in an avascular stroma.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Providing a proper blood supply for tumor cells is a key element in tumor growth and metastasis [5] and the AM is believed to possess anti-angiogenesis properties [5,6,8,9,12]. There are reports of antiangiogenic factors such as collagen XVIII, thrombospondin-1, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4) being mainly produced by the AM-derived Epithelial Stem Cells [12].…”
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confidence: 99%
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