Side population cells in human cancers

Transforming growth factor-β decreases the cancer-initiating cell population within diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells

“…High expression of ABCG2 in hematopoietic stem cells was also reported (Scharenberg et al, 2002). Moreover, recent studies have revealed that not only stem cells in normal tissues but also CICs are enriched in SP cells in many types of cancers (Wu and Alman, 2008). Our findings suggest that CICs in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma are enriched in SP fraction, and that expression of ABCG2 might serve as a marker for diffuse-type gastric cancer-initiating cells.…”

“…Cells with efflux capacity conferred by ABCG2 expression are negatively stained on flow cytometric analysis, and referred to as side population (SP) cells on dot plots. As ABCG2 expression and SP cells are thought to be of importance in the isolation of CICs (Wu and Alman, 2008), we focused on the function of ABCG2. In order to confirm the involvement of the Smaddependent signal transduction by TGF-b, we knocked (Figure 3a).…”

“…Our findings suggest that CICs in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma are enriched in SP fraction, and that expression of ABCG2 might serve as a marker for diffuse-type gastric cancer-initiating cells. As SP cells are estimated to be present at proportions between 0 and 20% of total cell population in many types of cancers (Dean et al, 2005;Wu and Alman, 2008), it is reasonable that diffuse-type gastric cancer cells include SP cells in the range of 0-4% to total cancer cells.…”

Downregulation of VEGF-C expression in lung and colon cancer cells decelerates tumor growth and inhibits metastasis via multiple mechanisms

“…EMT in cancer cells is accompanied by appearance of traits of so-called CSCs, which are considered key players in development of metastasis (Mani et al, 2008;Gupta et al, 2009;Polyak and Weinberg, 2009;Singh and Settleman, 2010). To determine whether VEGF-C downregulation affects the percentage of cells with the CSC traits in A549 and HCT116 cell populations, we used three commonly accepted approaches: (i) determined the cell dose threshold for tumor formation in nude mice; (ii) assessed colony formation in semisolid medium; and (iii) detected cells that effectively exclude Rhodamine 123-and/or Hoechst 33342 (Wu and Alman, 2008;Singh and Settleman, 2010). All three tests showed that VEGF-C downregulation was accompanied by a decrease in number of cells with features attributed to CSCs.…”

Small molecule antibody targeting HLA class I inhibits myeloma cancer stem cells by repressing pluripotency-associated transcription factors

“…Side population (SP) cells are identified by their ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye, and these cells have been shown to highly express ABCG2 transporter that is responsible for drug resistance. [6][7][8][9] In MM, the distinct fraction of SP cells has been detected in both MM cell lines and primary MM cells. 10 Matsui et al 11 have found the clonogenic property and drug resistance in SP fraction of MM cells, and reported the relationship between SP fraction and CD138 À phenotype.…”