Signals from mature to new leaves

Lake, Janice A.; Quick, W. Paul; Beerling, David J.; Woodward, F. I.

doi:10.1038/35075660

Cited by 337 publications

(298 citation statements)

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“…Stomatal density, an important eco-physiological parameter that affects gas exchange or the rate of photosynthesis (Uprety et al 2002), can be affected by light intensity (Lake et al 2001), CO 2 -enrichment, or elevated temperature (Uprety et al 2002;Das 2003). In this study, increased stomatal density under supplementary lighting conditions was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

et al. 2016

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The effects of supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HSP) lamps alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on the growth, yield, and flower stem quality of two rose cultivars ('Loving Heart' and 'Top Grace') were studied. Compared to natural lighting (control), supplementary lighting alone was beneficial for plant growth, and it increased plant height, stem diameter, and the number of axillary shoots. Furthermore, increases in flower stem yield (>70 cm), flower stem diameter, fresh weight, and the number of petals per flower were also observed. The combination of supplementary lighting and CO 2 significantly enhanced all of the studied parameters compared to supplementary lighting alone. Moreover, stomatal density and chlorophyll fluorescence were seemingly affected by either supplementary lighting alone or in combination with CO 2 . This is the first study to examine the beneficial effects of combined supplementary lighting and CO 2 conditions, and the resulting information is essential to rose growers and commercial production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light intensity (Lake et al 2001) and elevated CO 2 concentrations (Uprety et al 2002;Das 2003) are known to affect various stomatal characters. Among the characters, stomatal density is an important eco-physiological parameter that affects gas exchange or the photosynthetic rate (Uprety et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

et al. 2016

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“…This work reiterated the importance of the one-cell-spacing rule and indicated that optimal stomatal function depended to a large extent on the patterning of stomata. There is also a good understanding of environmental regulation (Lake et al, 2001;Bergmann, 2004;Casson and Gray, 2008;Casson and Hetherington, 2010) and what determines stomatal development as well as the underlying genetic pathways that lead to altered epidermal cell patterning (Bergmann and Sack, 2007;Casson and Hetherington, 2010). However, less is known about how environmental regulation influences stomatal density (e.g.…”

Section: Stomatal Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

2014

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The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and bulk atmosphere by stomata governs CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO 2 . Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal responses with attention to their relationship to photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and the consequences for water use. We discuss the influence of anatomical characteristics on the velocity of changes in stomatal conductance and explore the potential for manipulating the physical as well as physiological characteristics of stomatal guard cells in order to accelerate stomatal movements in synchrony with mesophyll CO 2 demand and to improve water use efficiency without substantial cost to photosynthetic carbon fixation. We conclude that manipulating guard cell transport and metabolism is just as, if not more likely to yield useful benefits as manipulations of their physical and anatomical characteristics. Achieving these benefits should be greatly facilitated by quantitative systems analysis that connects directly the molecular properties of the guard cells to their function in the field.In order for plants to function efficiently, they must balance gaseous exchange between inside and outside the leaf to maximize CO 2 uptake for photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) and to minimize water loss through transpiration. Stomata are the "gatekeepers" responsible for all gaseous diffusion, and they adjust to both internal and external environmental stimuli governing CO 2 uptake and water loss. The pathway for CO 2 uptake from the bulk atmosphere to the site of fixation is determined by a series of diffusional resistances, which start with the layer of air immediately surrounding the leaf (the boundary layer). Stomatal pores provide a major resistance to flux from the atmosphere to the substomatal cavity within the leaf. Further resistance is encountered by CO 2 across the aqueous and lipid boundaries into the mesophyll cell and chloroplasts (mesophyll resistance). Water leaving the leaf largely follows the same pathway in reverse, but without the mesophyll resistance component. Guard cells surround the stomatal pore. They increase or decrease in volume in response to external and internal stimuli, and the resulting changes in guard cell shape adjust stomatal aperture and thereby affect the flux of gases between the leaf internal environment and the bulk atmosphere. Stomatal behavior, therefore, controls the volume of CO 2 entering the intercellular air spaces of the leaf for photosynthesis. It also plays a key role in minimizing the amount of water lost. Transpiration, by virtue of the concentration differences, is an order of magnitude greater than CO 2 uptake, which is an inevitable consequence of free diffusion across this pathway. Although the cumulative area of stomatal pores only represents a small fraction...

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“…Stomatal conductance depends on the number of stomata per unit area and the aperture of the stomatal pore, and both are affected by the light environment. High irradiances, typical of open places and seasons with clear skies, increase stomatal density (Willmer and Fricker, 1996;Lake et al, 2001;Thomas et al, 2004;Casson and Gray, 2008). The high red to farred ratios of open places also increase stomatal density compared to the low ratios of dense vegetation canopies (Boccalandro et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phototropins But Not Cryptochromes Mediate the Blue Light-Specific Promotion of Stomatal Conductance, While Both Enhance Photosynthesis and Transpiration under Full Sunlight

et al. 2011

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Leaf epidermal peels of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking either phototropins 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2) or cryptochromes 1 and 2 (cry1 and cry2) exposed to a background of red light show severely impaired stomatal opening responses to blue light. Since phot and cry are UV-A/blue light photoreceptors, they may be involved in the perception of the blue light-specific signal that induces the aperture of the stomatal pores. In leaf epidermal peels, the blue light-specific effect saturates at low irradiances; therefore, it is considered to operate mainly under the low irradiance of dawn, dusk, or deep canopies. Conversely, we show that both phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 have reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis, particularly under the high irradiance of full sunlight at midday. These mutants show compromised responses of stomatal conductance to irradiance. However, the effects of phot and cry on photosynthesis were largely nonstomatic. While the stomatal conductance phenotype of phot1 phot2 was blue light specific, cry1 cry2 showed reduced stomatal conductance not only in response to blue light, but also in response to red light. The levels of abscisic acid were elevated in cry1 cry2. We conclude that considering their effects at high irradiances cry and phot are critical for the control of transpiration and photosynthesis rates in the field. The effects of cry on stomatal conductance are largely indirect and involve the control of abscisic acid levels.

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Signals from mature to new leaves

Cited by 337 publications

References 10 publications

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

Phototropins But Not Cryptochromes Mediate the Blue Light-Specific Promotion of Stomatal Conductance, While Both Enhance Photosynthesis and Transpiration under Full Sunlight

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Signals from mature to new leaves

Cited by 337 publications

References 10 publications

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

Phototropins But Not Cryptochromes Mediate the Blue Light-Specific Promotion of Stomatal Conductance, While Both Enhance Photosynthesis and Transpiration under Full Sunlight

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Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers

Combined effects of supplementary light and CO₂on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers