Significant geographic gradients in particulate sulfate over Japan determined from multiple-site measurements and a chemical transport model: Impacts of transboundary pollution from the Asian continent

Aikawa, Masahide; Ohara, Toshimasa; Hiraki, Takatoshi; Oishi, Okihiro; Tsuji, Akiko; Yamagami, Makiko; Murano, Kentaro; Mukai, Hirofumi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.025

Cited by 87 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4). These spatial variations of SO 4 2-concentration indicate that important sources of SO 4 2-are located in western Japan or on the Eurasian continent, as previously suggested by Aikawa et al (2010). This (c)…”

Section: (A) Sulfatesupporting

confidence: 78%

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

Morino

Nagashima

Sugata

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaluation of models for simulating temporal and spatial variations of PM 2.5 chemical composition in Japan has been limited by the lack of observational data. In this study, we used PM 2.5 chemical composition data measured simultaneously over several regions of Japan in winter, spring, and summer 2012 to evaluate three sensitivity simulations, one based on a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield model and two based on a volatility basis set (VBS) model. Concentrations of sulfate (SO 4 2-), nitrate (NO 3 -), and ammonium (NH 4 + ) were well reproduced by all the simulations in summer. However, in winter and spring, SO 4 2-concentrations were underestimated and NO 3 -concentrations were overestimated by the standard simulation. NO 3 -concentrations were better reproduced by a model with dry-deposition velocities of nitric acid and ammonia enhanced by a factor of 5, as was done in a previous study. Observed concentrations of elemental carbon and organic aerosol (OA) were higher at urban sites than at the surrounding remote sites, and this behavior was not adequately reproduced by models with a grid size of 15 km. Further refinements of emission inventories and models are necessary for better simulations of PM 2.5 chemical compositions. OA concentration was greatly underestimated by the simulation based on the SOA yield model over all the seasons but was better reproduced by the simulations based on the VBS model in spring and summer because aging reactions were considered in the VBS model-based simulations. The VBS model-based simulations reproduced the observations that primary OA predominated in winter and that the contribution of SOA was higher than that of primary OA in spring and summer. These contributions should be validated by means of observation-based source contributions of OA in future studies.

show abstract

Section: (A) Sulfatesupporting

confidence: 78%

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

Morino

Nagashima

Sugata

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The assessment is very important in managing the air quality improvement plan in Seoul. Aikawa et al (2010) applied the CMAQ model to reproduce the fundamental features of the longitudinal/latitudinal Gradient in the sulfate (SO 4 2-) concentrations measured at multiple sites over the East Asian Pacific Rim region. The proportional contribution of Chinese SO 4 2-to the total in Japan throughout the year was above 50-70%, using data for Chinese sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emission from the Regional Emission Inventory in Asia, with a winter maximum of approximately 65-80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study on PM2.5 Sources and Meteorological Characteristics at the Northern Tip of Taiwan in the Early Stage of the Asian Haze Period

Chuang

Chou

Lin

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study utilizes air quality modeling to probe the sources and characteristics of PM 2.5 (particles less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) at the northern tip of Taiwan (CAFE station) in the early stage of the Asian haze period. Since CAFE is the first place that is influenced by the Asian haze coming from the north, this study focused on the wind field, PM 2.5 concentration, and PM 2.5 composition at CAFE. During the research period (Oct. 16, 2015, to Nov. 15, 2015, four PM 2.5 episodes occurred at CAFE. This study classified these four episodes into three types, according to their PM 2.5 sources: the long-range transport (LRT) type, the local pollution (LP) type, and the LRT/LP mix type. For the LRT type, Asian outflows prevailed in a north to northeast wind at the north of Taiwan. The proportion of NO 3 -in the PM 2.5 resolvable compositions was very small at CAFE due to evaporation during transport, whereas the relative proportion of sea salt increased due to strong winds. For the LP type, an east wind prevailed and formed a cyclone/lee vortex in northwest Taiwan. Although the background PM 2.5 concentrations were low (4-20 µg m -3 ), the cyclone transported local anthropogenic emissions northward and elevated the PM 2.5 levels at CAFE. For the LRT/LP mix type, an east wind also prevailed, but the background PM 2.5 concentrations were at an intermediate level (20-30 µg m -3 ) because the Asian outflows had already transported haze to the West Pacific. The combined LRT and LP increased PM 2.5 at CAFE. In addition, the proportions of NO 3 -(nitrate) for the LP and LRT/LP episodes were obviously higher than those on the days before and after. This suggests a considerable contribution on PM 2.5 from LP.

show abstract

“…At the sites other than E, the nss SO 4 2-concentration decreased with increasing longitude, and the concentration at the most eastern site, i.e., J (144.80°E), corresponded to 1/3 of that at the most western site, i.e., A (129.71°E). Aikawa et al (2010) reported a similar longitudinal variation in the annual average SO 4 2-concentration over Japan in fiscal years [2003][2004][2005]. On the basis of the calculated trajectories (Table 2), the order of nss SO 4 2-concentration among A, D, and J was identical to that of the proportion of trajectories passing through 30-40°N in the Asian continent, where the regions with the largest emission of SO 2 in China spread from the coasts of Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea inland (EAGrid2000, 2006).…”

Section: Contribution Of Asian Outflow To Atmospheric Concentration Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, for the Japan Sea side, the contributions of Asian continental sources (>70%) were much higher than those of other sources during the cold season (October-March) when airflows from the Asian continent are dominant. Moreover, Aikawa et al (2010) found a significant longitudinal gradient in the atmospheric SO 4 2-concentration at 32 sites over the East Asian Pacific Rim region in fiscal years [2003][2004][2005]. They showed that the proportional contribution of Chinese SO 4 2-to the total contribution in Japan is above 50-70% throughout the year, with a winter maximum of approximately 80%, on the basis of model calculations using Chinese SO 2 emission data from the Regional Emission Inventory in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we measured the concentrations of nss SO 4 2-and trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) in aerosols collected concurrently at ten sites across Japan each month during winter (December through February in 2004, when the contribution of Asian outflow to their concentrations would have been maximized (Aikawa et al, 2010). Then, we evaluated the contribution of Asian outflow to their atmospheric concentrations on the basis of a relationship between the concentration of each constituent and the longitude of the sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Contribution of Asian outflow to atmospheric concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in aerosols during winter in Japan

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significant geographic gradients in particulate sulfate over Japan determined from multiple-site measurements and a chemical transport model: Impacts of transboundary pollution from the Asian continent

Cited by 87 publications

References 43 publications

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

A Simulation Study on PM2.5 Sources and Meteorological Characteristics at the Northern Tip of Taiwan in the Early Stage of the Asian Haze Period

Contribution of Asian outflow to atmospheric concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in aerosols during winter in Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About