Significantly enhanced performance and conductivity mechanism in Nb/Mn co-doped CaBi4Ti4O15 ferroelectrics

3D printing of CaBi4Ti3.925(Nb2/3Mn1/3)0.075O15 ceramics for high temperature ultrasound transducer

“…1533576) without exhibiting any other secondary phase. The diffraction peak of (119) plane with the maximum intensity is consistent with the reported bismuth layer structure of the ceramics [11,12]. Table 1 shows the parameters of XRD refinements and the calculated crystallite size.…”

“…When the annealing temperature increased close to the Curie temperature, the 180 • domains appear again, causing the piezoelectric constant reduction. When the annealing temperature exceeds the Curie temperature, the value of d 33 approaches to zero which is due to the depolarization in ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition process [12,21]. The results indicate that the CBTNM piezoelectric ceramic has a good high-temperature stability.…”

“…(Nd, Ce) co-doped CBT ceramics exhibit good piezoelectric properties (d 33 ∼ 19 pC/N), and a high Curie temperature (Tc ∼ 794 • C) [9]. The Nb/Mn co-doped CBT-based piezoelectric ceramics can improve the piezoelectric constant (d 33 ∼ 27 pC/N) and retain a high Curie temperature (Tc ∼ 790 • C) [10][11][12]. Most reported CBT-based ceramics are prepared by the solid state reaction method using traditional dry pressing, which has difficulty fabricating samples with complex structures.…”